/photo/2006-04/04/content _ 438028 1 _ 1 . htm
April 6(th), 2006
Who invented the umbrella? There are many different opinions on this issue. Some people say that the Egyptians first used umbrellas. As early as BC 1200, Egyptian nobles often asked slaves to hold umbrellas for them when they went out to travel. The Romans used umbrellas to keep out the sun in the Mediterranean. In China, the umbrella was invented by Luban's wife in BC 1000. Umbrellas are called "movable houses".
In Britain, umbrellas began to be used in the18th century. Bainasi umbrella used to be a special product for women, which showed women's attitude towards love. Hold up your umbrella to show your loyalty to love; Holding an open umbrella in his left hand means "I have no free time now". Shake the umbrella slowly to show no confidence or distrust; Put an umbrella on your right shoulder to show that you don't want to see you again.
/kloc-in the 0 th and 9 th centuries, men began to use umbrellas.
Because many umbrellas in Britain are an indispensable part of British life, they have become symbols of the traditional British way of life, and they are necessary for businessmen and officials in London. As a symbol of the British, John Niu is holding an umbrella in his hand. It is also indispensable in literary works and movies. The Umbrella Museum was established in Britain on 1969. Umbrellas also have many uses. Umbrellas are sometimes used as weapons. 1978, an exiled Bulgarian was stabbed by an assassin with an umbrella tip at Waterloo Bridge and died of poisoning. Some umbrella handles can be sprayed with pepper to prevent dogs from chasing and biting. Some umbrellas have lights on the handles for lighting and exploring the road.
There is a kind of tear umbrella in England. If you meet a gangster, you can press the umbrella handle and spray tear gas to drive him away. Umbrellas can also indicate people's luck. If you drop your umbrella, don't pick it up yourself, or bad luck will come. If you open an umbrella on a sunny day, it means you bring rain. Don't put an umbrella in the room or put it on the bed.
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China is the first country to invent umbrellas in the world, with a history of at least 3,500 years from the date of invention. It was called "bang" at that time. In the post-Wei period, umbrellas were used in official ceremonies, and people called them "Luo umbrellas". The size and color of umbrellas vary with the rank. When the emperor traveled, he used pholiota adiposa to show "protecting the people". In fact, his main purpose was to shade the sun, wind and rain. After the birth of Umbrella in China, with the increasing opening and communication, it gradually spread abroad. During the Tang Dynasty, the Japanese sent 19 batches of "envoys to the Tang Dynasty" to China, with a total of more than 500 people, including doctors, painters, musicians and scholars from all walks of life. They went to China to observe and study China culture, which not only brought China's calendar, astronomy, music, art and other cultures to Japan, but also brought a variety of production technologies and manufacturing processes including umbrella-making technology to Japan. 1747, a British businessman named Zunas traveled to China and found China people walking in the rain with oil-paper umbrellas. After the rain stopped, they put away their umbrellas and carried them with them, which was very convenient. When they got home, they bought one. Shortly after he came back, it happened to be a rainy day. He opened his umbrella and walked on the streets of London. According to the religious tradition of Britain at that time, it was an act of God to rain in the sky, and it was against God to use an umbrella to shelter from the rain, which was a great illegal act. Hanuwei was ridiculed and cursed for this, and some even threw eggs at him. But the benefits of umbrellas can be seen by everyone, and finally they gradually became popular among the opposition. By the middle of the19th century, umbrellas have become a necessity for the British people, and using umbrellas has also become an honor for the British people.
4000 years ago, a child was walking in the rain with a big lotus leaf on his head, and the rain beads rolled down the sloping side of the lotus leaf, which inspired people to invent umbrellas. "The lotus leaf overhead may inspire people to create umbrellas, but it is also possible that children imitate the innocence of adults wearing hats, which is not much different from children riding bamboo horses with wooden pistols at their waist. Even if we take a step back, the revelation of the lotus leaf above our heads is reasonable, but where should we start "4,000 years ago"? In fact, there are various legends about the invention of umbrellas. It is the widely circulated and documented "Master Lu Ban". It is said that Lu Ban works for ordinary people in the countryside, and his daughter-in-law Yun Shi delivers meals back and forth every day. In the rainy season, she is often caught in the rain. Luban designed and built some pavilions along the way. When it rains, he can hide in the pavilion for a while. Although the pavilion is good, it is always inconvenient to set up more pavilions. Moreover, children's faces change three times a day in spring, and thunderstorms come quickly in summer, even as fast as lightning. Cloud suddenly thought, "if only there were a small pavilion around." After listening to his daughter-in-law, Lu Ban suddenly realized. The powerful and all-powerful inventor of China cut out a piece of cloth, put on a movable skeleton and put on a handle according to the pavilion. Yu is the first "umbrella" in the world, so he came out. According to Jade Chip, the umbrella was invented by Lu Ban's daughter-in-law to take care of her husband who works outside all day. It seems that if you want to apply for a patent, it is more reasonable for the Luban couple to share it. The invention of this umbrella is the product of their love and mutual concern.
Lu Ban was a skillful craftsman in the State of Lu in the Spring and Autumn Period. Kong, a contemporary, travels around the world and inevitably suffers from the sun and rain. So he made a fixed umbrella in the car, which can not only shelter from the wind and rain, but also protect from the sun and summer. This kind of fixed "umbrella" can be seen on the second commemorative stamp "Traveling around the World" of J 162 "The 2540th Anniversary of Confucius' Birth" issued in 1989.
Because of the derivative significance of umbrella in sociology, in ancient China, umbrella was a symbol of the power of emperors, generals and dignitaries, which was clearly recorded in Zuo Zhuan, Bei Wu Dian and Jin Shu Yu Fu Zhi, and was strictly graded. The material, color and size of the umbrella, just like the black veil on the head and the imperial costume on the body, are also signs to distinguish the size of the official position and status. For example, it was stipulated in the Han Dynasty that ministers and officials with nine grades who ate more than 2,000 stones of millet used black umbrellas, while officials with more than three grades used green umbrellas, while emperors in the Song Dynasty used red and yellow and ordinary officials used cyan. Therefore, in ancient times, when emperors or high-ranking officials were on patrol, sedan chairs or cars had to carry umbrellas to show "protecting the people". Therefore, this kind of umbrella is also called "cool umbrella", "umbrella" and "national umbrella", and it is also called "sunshade umbrella" in written language. The T 15 1 bronze chariots and horses in the mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor, and the T 13 1 "canopy" riding alone in a thousand miles are all symbols of the identity of umbrella users. Perhaps the most magnificent and full expression of this ceremony of offering an umbrella to heaven is the Mirage of the Ming Dynasty issued by Taiwan Province Provincial Government. Two quintuplets plus a local enlargement. Only in the second map, five "umbrellas" in red, green, yellow, blue and white are colorful. The third and fifth pictures of "Police Map" are not only temporarily folded left and right symmetrically, but also in the middle, which is moving and magnificent, and can be described as outstanding. It is precisely because the umbrella has the function of symbolizing wealth that the oriental folk wedding also has the custom of playing an umbrella. This is vividly depicted in the folk wedding stamps issued by Macao and North Korea.
Among contemporary works of art, Umbrella gives Liu Chunhua's oil painting "Chairman Mao went to Anyuan during the Cultural Revolution" sociological or political symbolic significance for the first time. In the picture, dark clouds cover the sun and rain is coming. Mao Zedong is walking on a dense mountain road with an umbrella in his hand. On July 1968, the painting was sent to the whole country as "two newspapers and one publication", and it was printed as a colorful leaflet with stamps, which became the most printed (more than 900 million pieces in total) and widely circulated art work in the world art history. 1995 10, China Guardian Auction Company auctioned the original painting for 6.05 million yuan.
Umbrellas are not only daily necessities in ancient times, but also official etiquette decorations. It is also a commonly used prop in opera, song and dance and acrobatics. The first stamp of Legend of the White Snake issued by Taiwan Province Province 1983 reflects the scene of "borrowing an umbrella from the West Lake". It was this borrowed umbrella that gave rise to the tortuous love story between Xu Xian and White Snake. The national folk art with umbrellas as the central props is embodied by Chinese and foreign stamps.
March 3rd of the Li Nationality in China's special performance 55 "Chinese Folk Dance" (the third group) depicts a pair of young Li nationality men and women holding an umbrella together, singing and dancing affectionately, vividly reflecting the national customs of March 3rd of the Li nationality, with strong local flavor and folk customs. In Vietnam, among the folk dance stamps issued by 1962 and 1972, there is a stamp named "Umbrella Dance" respectively. 1986 There is also a "Sumatra Folk Umbrella Dance" among the folk dances released in Singapore; These folk arts with umbrellas as the central props have been put on the business cards of various countries, which are very dynamic and aesthetic. Created by Liu Hongping.
Umbrella family
Today's umbrellas are no longer just used to shelter from the wind and rain in the traditional sense, but their families can be described as generations of children and grandchildren with various styles. There are lampshade umbrellas placed on desks and coffee tables, beach umbrellas with a diameter of more than two meters, parachutes necessary for pilots, automatic umbrellas that can be folded freely, and colored umbrellas used for decoration ... With the development of science and technology and the improvement of people's living standards, people are constantly looking for new styles and functions of umbrellas, so some multifunctional and new styles of umbrellas are constantly being invented. For example, a very unique umbrella appeared in Japan. The umbrella handle is equipped with a radio. When the umbrella is opened, you can hear wonderful music. In addition, the Japanese also invented a shoe umbrella in view of the fact that ordinary umbrellas can't prevent shoes from getting wet by rain. This kind of umbrella stands at the toe of shoes, which can prevent shoes and feet from getting wet when it rains, but it is a decoration on the toe of shoes when the umbrella is not opened. There is also an umbrella with fragrance abroad. As soon as the umbrella is opened, it is full of fragrance. You can imagine how comfortable it is to hold this umbrella in the rain.
In BC 1 100, people in China already used umbrellas to identify themselves. The ribs are made of bamboo or sandalwood, and covered with an umbrella cover made of leaves or feathers. The word "umbrella" only appeared in English in the12nd century. In the past, there were only parasols, but in the1733rd century, Parisians used tarpaulins as umbrellas. 1750, Han Wei, an Englishman, brought an umbrella back to London after traveling abroad, causing a sensation. 1874, Hawkes, a metal wiredrawing worker in Dika area near Xueer, obtained the patent right of arc steel umbrella rib. With this umbrella rib, the umbrella can be tightened, and it has since become a common rain gear for British gentlemen. 1930, Haupt, a Berliner, invented the telescopic umbrella. Academics also say that umbrellas were invented by China in the 4th century during the Three Kingdoms period.
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Origin: China is the first country to invent umbrellas in the world, with a history of at least 3,500 years.
Evolution history of things: In the post-Wei period, umbrellas were used in official ceremonies, and people called them "Luo umbrellas". The size and color of umbrellas vary with the rank. When the emperor traveled, he used pholiota adiposa to show "protecting the people". In fact, his main purpose was to shade the sun, wind and rain. After the birth of Umbrella in China, with the increasing opening and communication, it gradually spread abroad. During the Tang Dynasty, the Japanese sent 19 batches of "envoys to the Tang Dynasty" to China, with a total of more than 500 people, including doctors, painters, musicians and scholars from all walks of life. They went to China to observe and study China culture, which not only brought China's calendar, astronomy, music, art and other cultures to Japan, but also brought a variety of production technologies and manufacturing processes including umbrella-making technology to Japan. 1747, a British businessman named Zunas traveled to China and found China people walking in the rain with oil-paper umbrellas. After the rain stopped, they put away their umbrellas and carried them with them, which was very convenient. When they got home, they bought one. Shortly after he came back, it happened to be a rainy day. He opened his umbrella and walked on the streets of London. According to the religious tradition of Britain at that time, it was an act of God to rain in the sky, and it was against God to use an umbrella to shelter from the rain, which was a great illegal act. Hanuwei was ridiculed and cursed for this, and some even threw eggs at him. But the benefits of umbrellas can be seen by everyone, and finally they gradually became popular among the opposition. By the middle of the19th century, umbrellas have become a necessity for the British people, and using umbrellas has also become an honor for the British people.
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