Nuremberg, the second largest city in Bavaria, Germany, was not so attractive to me at first, although the original story of the fairy tale Nutcracker and the Mouse King took place in the city hall of Nuremberg. Compared with other cities, medieval castles and churches are not brilliant enough. However, whenever I hear the history of the Nuremberg trial, I think, Ah, I have never been to this city. Many people's first impression of Nuremberg comes from history textbooks, and I am no exception. Hitler had a soft spot for Nuremberg, which was once favored by the emperor of the Holy Roman Empire and called Germany "the most German city". In order to impress himself, he set the headquarters of the Nazis here, which also brought disaster to this ancient city: from 65438 to 0945, the Third Reich of Germany had gone, and allied planes bombed Nuremberg, destroying 90% of the buildings in the old city. After the war, how to deal with the sinful Nazis caused a fierce debate among the Allies, and finally decided to hold a public trial. The historical photo of the trial (this picture is from the Internet) was selected at the former Nazi headquarters. This unprecedented trial made Nuremberg famous in the world. 1945165438+1On October 20th, judges from Russia, the United States, Britain and France entered the trial hall No.600 of the Nuremberg Tribunal, where the first international court in world-famous history, the Nuremberg International Military Tribunal, opened its session. Two/Kloc-0 major war criminals identified by the Allies were put on the trial bench of history, including former Nazi Marshal Hermann G?ring and Hitler's deputy rudolf hess. You know, at that time, the war had just ended, and only the trial could reveal the truth of history. Under very difficult circumstances, the whole trial lasted 3 15 days and held 2 18 sessions. The whole trial process and records are in English, French, German and Russian, and justice and evil once again clashed fiercely in different forms. Today's trial site has become a memorial hall, and the trial hall of that year has been preserved. Historical photos of the trial (this picture comes from the Internet) For Germany, the Nuremberg trial was like a milestone. Since then, the German nation has begun to reflect on history. For Nuremberg, this history is her lingering shadow, which has always been heavy and serious in the hearts of the world. I have always been interested in the history of World War II. When I come to Nuremberg, I must visit the original site of the trial. Nuremberg memorial hall is not in the old city. After coming out of the emperor's castle, I took the subway in a hurry. Not far from the subway entrance, I saw the flags of Britain, America, Russia and France hanging outside the memorial hall. I was really excited when I walked to the door of the memorial hall that I had been looking forward to. I finally got a chance to visit the places I saw in many documentaries. Admission to the memorial hall requires tickets, but there is a free Chinese audio tour. The tour began on the second floor. The former trial site was the 600 court on the second floor, and it is still used as an ordinary court. The trial hall is spacious and bright, with crosses hanging directly above the judges' seats, plaintiffs' seats and defendants' seats on both sides, and the visitors' seats are witnesses and observers. On1October 20th, 74 years ago, 165438, four judges from different victorious countries sat in the center. Of the first 23 war criminals identified by the Allied Forces, 2 1 were tried. One of them was too ill to appear in court, but 20 people were actually sitting in the dock. Chief Justice Jackson of the United States first read out the general indictment, listing the crimes of fascism against humanity, while the cunning defendants tried their best to excuse themselves and tried all kinds of tricks in an attempt to escape the final trial of justice, at least to reduce their sentences. The trial process was not smooth sailing. The presiding judge, American Helut, prosecutor Colonel Rosen and German Minister of Justice Yarink also held their own opinions, and they had a heated debate in court. Senior American officials hope to extract sufficient evidence of the defendant's crime in the trial, which brings great pressure to the trial. Finally, Helut resisted the pressure and gave the most just and just judgment based on the principle of legal fairness and justice. Chief Justice Jackson of the United States stood in Court No.600, and seemed to be able to hear the past arguments, the defendant's sophistry, the witness's crying and the judge's mallet ... Judge Jackson described the atmosphere in this court as "melancholy and serious". The trial that went down in history was a confrontation between good and evil, war and peace. In the small exhibition hall on the third floor, the cause and process of trial and execution of war criminals are displayed. Each exhibition board has a number, so you can listen to the instructions in the guide freely according to the number. The historical materials recorded are very sufficient, and the context is also very clear, which records that history in a neutral and true way. A total of 33 witnesses appeared in the first trial, 6 1 witnesses defended and testified for 19 defendants, and 143 witnesses provided testimony through inquiry. In the end, 18 defendants were sentenced to "war crimes", of which 1 1 was sentenced to death. Even Goering's call for hanging to be shot was rejected! After the first trial, 12 trials were held, the main purpose of which was to try those who provided resources for the Third Reich. Simply put, it is a person who helps others. Regarding everyone in the trial box and the gallery, the boxes and seats containing evidence during the trial were painted with the seat map of the trial hall on the ground. It is worth mentioning that the Tokyo trial and some trials in other cities in Germany are also on display in the memorial hall. Regrettably, the "cold war" of the last century led to some trials being shelved and some war criminals being sheltered in the Tokyo trial. Comparing Germany and Japan's introspective attitudes towards war can't help but make people feel embarrassed. It can be said that the Nuremberg trial is the earliest prototype of the International Court of Justice, and its purpose is to consolidate the hard-won peace through open, fair and just trials. This history lesson in Nuremberg didn't disappoint me! Detailed historical materials and precious video materials are definitely worth seeing. Tips: 1, Transportation: Metro Line B? Renshangze Station 2. Opening hours: Wednesday to Monday, 10:00- 18:00. Stop admission one hour in advance. 3. Admission: 6 euros, including voice guide (Chinese). Walking out of the trial memorial hall, I feel a little depressed and need food to calm down. When it comes to German food, what impresses me most are pork elbows and sausages. Germany is a veritable "sausage country", with more than 1500 kinds of sausages, and each place has its own sausage varieties to be proud of. Nuremberg has a special "Nuremberg sausage", which is the most famous snack in Nuremberg. Different from other common fried sausages on the street, it is only finger-sized, thin and short, and weighs only about 25 grams. One serving is usually three or six. Take the subway back to Central Railway Station, where there is a sausage stall. This kind of bread with sausages is also called "three-in-one bun" in the local area, that is, three sausages are sandwiched in an ordinary bun, and the finger-sized sausages are roasted with fire to roast the excess oil, which is crispy and delicious. It is said that even vegetarians can't resist its temptation. Back in the old city, I passed St. Laurenc's Church, one of the three churches in Nuremberg. This towering Gothic church with two towers was built on the basis of an ancient Roman rectangular church in 1270-1477. On the facade, there are two symmetrical towers towering into the sky, with a circular flower window with a diameter of 9 meters embedded in the middle. The total length of the church is 9 1 m, the width is 30m, and the bell tower is 80.8m high. It is one of the famous Lutheran churches in Bavaria after the German Reformation. This weather-beaten church witnessed the evolution of German history. It was also severely damaged during World War II and was completely restored after the war. Tips: Visiting the church is free, and the opening hours are: Monday-Saturday 9:00- 17:00, Sunday 13:00- 16:00. The local cuisine in Nuremberg belongs to Franken cuisine. In addition to the German national dish fenfrische Schweinshaxe, there is also roast pork shoulder (Fr? Nkisches school? Ufele). After listening to the recommendation of the hotel landlord, I chose Bratwerstr, a traditional German restaurant next to the main market square. Slein, naturally ordered roast pork elbow and beer. After just one and a half days in Nuremberg, I can't fully understand the city, but I have a deep memory. Whether you are savoring the charm of medieval castles, feeling the feelings of history, or just wandering in the streets, this ancient and modern city is like a thorny rose, full of temptation. = = = = = = = Author: Desert Rose global traveler, travel experiencer, freelance writer, guest host, travel sharer, cross-border self-media person. He has been to nearly 50 countries and more than 200 cities on five continents alone.