After dinner, men still talk about women and anecdotes about dealing with all kinds of beautiful women in business, which is also the best way to kill time.
Speaking of self-study at night, Mei's boyfriend called and Mei asked me to answer the phone. He warmly invited Mei and me to Yushu, and promised to provide first-class food and warm hospitality. May wants to ask my opinion. I thought about it for a moment, and I think it should be okay to go in. If it snows when I come out, it will be dangerous to drive, so I decided to go in summer and autumn.
The next day, I woke up naturally. First, I read a book. Today's task is very light, have a rest, and then go to Ta 'er Temple. It is not too far from Xining. After breakfast, I took a taxi to the place May told me. There is a shuttle bus in the tourist season, and now it is the off-season. The bus has stopped, so we can take a taxi at a fixed place.
I was the third person to get on the bus. There is already one person sitting in the co-pilot seat and another person sitting in the back seat of the driver. I sat in the middle of the back row, and finally there came a tall, strong and slightly older man. I suggest that the young man (thinner) sitting in the co-pilot seat give his seat to this uncle. The young man readily agreed, the uncle thanked him, then sat in the front, the young man sat next to me, and the driver set off.
My uncle knew from my costume and accent that I was traveling, and learned the general travel process from me. When he learned that I was going to Tibet, he talked about going to Tibet by bike when I was a child. Moreover, he also wrote a book about it, which is really extraordinary and courageous!
The young man sitting on my left is the chef of this restaurant. This time, he went home to see his parents.
The young man sitting on my right performed Tibetan songs and dances in a famous hotel in Xining and introduced the hotel to me. I think one day I can have dinner with Mei and watch a song and dance performance.
With this, I feel I'm going to Ta 'er Temple soon. Uncle asked the driver to stop by the road for a while. I still don't know what uncle is doing. After waiting for a while, my uncle rushed up with a book in his hand and sent it to me. I accepted it with joy and said, thank you very much. Please read! My uncle said to me, "I hope this book will be helpful to your trip to Tibet." Goodbye, uncle, thanks!
We will arrive at Ta 'er Temple soon. The Ta 'er Temple itself is open and there is no need to buy a ticket, but if you want to enter a special temple, you need to buy another ticket.
The origin of Ta 'er Temple,
We must start with Zong Kaba, the founder of Gelug Sect (Yellow Sect) of Tibetan Buddhism. According to legend, Zong Kaba was born in Zongka (now Taer Temple in Huangzhong County, Qinghai Province) on June 1357+00, and people called him "Zong Kaba".
Zong Kaba has been very clever since he was a child. He entered Xia Zongmiao at the age of 3 and was warned by recent events. At the age of seven, he entered Xiaqiong Temple and was taught Buddhist precepts. He studied under the monk Duan Zhiren for nine years. /kloc-When he was 0/6 years old, he left Xiaqiong Temple to study Buddhism on foot, then went to Houzang, visited famous monasteries of various factions, visited famous monks and teachers, and diligently practiced Buddhism. At the age of 29, he obtained Buddhist precepts at Nanjialekang Temple in Yalong River area.
At the age of 34, he had a deep understanding of Buddhism's esoteric teachings and initiation methods, and his position in Buddhism and even society was constantly improving.
In 140 1 and 1406, respectively, he wrote The Broadest Theory of Bodhi Taoism and The Broadest Theory of tantric Taoism, which laid a theoretical and ideological foundation for him to establish the Gelug Sect. He wrote 170 volumes in his life.
Zong Kaba left home to study Buddhism in Tibet for many years. His mother, Sanza Archer, eagerly sent a bunch of her own white hair, telling him that her old mother was already white-haired and hoped that he would come back.
Determined not to go back to Zong Kaba to study Buddhism, he sent his mother and sister a self-portrait with their nosebleeds and a lion's roar Buddha statue, and wrote in the letter: "If I can build a pagoda with 100,000 lion's roar Buddha statues and bodhi trees as the embryo in my birthplace, it will be the same as when I met."
In 379, according to Zong Kaba's wishes, her mother and followers built a lotus-picking tower with stones, which was the earliest building of Ta 'er Temple. 1577, China A Min-style Buddhist Temple was built next to this pagoda, called Maitreya Buddha Hall. Because there is a tower in front of the temple, the Han people in Amdo area are collectively called Ta 'er Temple.
Ta 'er Temple is named after the tower, and then it is a temple. Ta 'er Temple is a middle school in Qinghai Province.
Northwest Buddhist center, the sacred place of Yellow Religion, its main building is located on the slopes on both sides of the first ditch of Lianhua Mountain. There are more than 9,300 rooms (seats) such as Dajinwa Temple, Dajingtang, Maitreya Temple, Jiujian Temple, Huasi Temple, Xiaojinwa Temple, Zhubazhachang, Dinkakang, Mambazhang, Dalalang, Kitchen and Ruyi Tower.
There are nine halls in Ta 'er Temple, such as Dajinwa Temple Xiaojinwa Temple Flower Temple Dajingtang, Dala Ruyi Pagoda, Taiping Pagoda, Bodhi Pagoda and Gatehouse. There are more than 1000 courtyards and more than 4,500 temples, with a large scale. The palace, Buddhist temple, study, bedroom, bound building and courtyard where the Lama lives complement each other, and have been the center of Yellow Religion and the holy land of Buddhism since ancient times.
The architecture in the temple covers the Han Palace and Tibetan flat-topped style, and skillfully combines the Han-style Three-eaves Xieshan Temple with the ingenious whip wall, the Sanskrit mantra of the middle wheel and the bronze mirror brick at the bottom under the Tibetan eaves, forming a harmonious and perfect architectural complex with Chinese and Tibetan artistic styles.
Ta 'er Temple is not only the holy land of Lamaism in China, but also one of the institutions of higher learning that have trained a large number of Tibetan intellectuals. There are four schools in the temple: Xianzong, Tantric, Astronomy and Medicine.
The pagodas and halls of Er Temple are patchwork, complement each other and are magnificent.
Since Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty, the imperial court has given gifts to Ta 'er Temple many times, including plaques, utensils, Buddha statues, scriptures and stupas. Living Buddha systems in temples, such as Aga, Saichi, Lako, Seduo, Shansa, Sna and Chaxi, were named Hutuktu or Nomenkan Khan in Qing Dynasty. Among them, Aga, Saichi and Lako are Hutuktu in Beijing, and some have worked as handprint lamas in Yonghe Palace in Beijing and Wutai Mountain in Shanxi.
Because of these special reasons, Ta 'er Temple developed rapidly and became one of the six monasteries of Gelug Sect of Tibetan Buddhism. There are more than 9,300 buildings in Ta 'er Temple, covering an area of more than 600 mu, with 25 halls. There were more than 3,600 monks at the peak, and there were 1983 in the early days of liberation.
Due to the accumulation of history, the temple is extremely rich in cultural relics, and buildings, artifacts, Buddha statues and literature collections make it a treasure house of art. There are four colleges in the temple: Xianzong, Tantric, Shilun, Yi Ming and Qianbazacang. It took seven years (AD 65438+) to study Buddhism, writing, astronomy, calendar, medicine, dance, sculpture, painting and architecture.
The temple held four large-scale Buddhist ceremonies in the first month, April, June and September of the lunar calendar, which were called "Four Classics". By then, people from all over the world will gather together on a large scale. In addition, in the late October of the lunar calendar, there is the "Five Lights Festival" to commemorate Zong Kaba's death, and the year-end activities to send athel Loren.
Ta 'er Temple originally had a complete administrative and religious organization system. The highest authority of its administrative organization is the Economic Committee of All Monks, presided over by the General Law Department and composed of Gaelic Conference and Dagiwa. Gaer Conference is the standing committee of Buddhist scriptures for all monks, which is composed of Tathagata, Big Jack, Big Monk and Gamba of six ethnic groups.
Daji is the executive body of Gark Conf.
The general department of religious organizations is still the general law department, with a general department and a monk in charge of four colleges. Each college has its own Kampo, and Kampo has its own gegui (monk official) and monk head. Now the prime minister of the temple management committee is in charge of the whole temple. At present, there are more than 800 monks in the temple (including Living Buddha 1 1, mainly Aga, Quezang, Seduo, Quexi, Jiaya, Mina, Tashi, Benbule and Yangjia). And 63 people from Wande)
Baota Temple has a collection.
A large number of gold-plated bronze Buddha statues, gold and silver lanterns, gold books, Jin Dian, woodcut scriptures, documents, pagodas, imperial plaques, murals, pile embroidery and other cultural relics. Among them, murals, pile embroidery and ghee carving are known as the three wonders of Ta 'er Temple. Murals are mostly painted on cloth curtains with mineral pigments, and the contents are mainly scriptures, time machines, Buddha statues and so on. Embroidery is a pile of various colors of silk, satin, sheepskin and cotton cloth. Patterns such as Buddha, Bodhisattva, Heavenly King, Lohan, Venerable Man, Flowers and Birds, Animals, etc. are formed on the curtain.
Sunburn festival
On the morning of "Sun Buddha", the monks in Ta 'er Temple will concentrate on all kinds of preparations before "Sun Buddha", then carry the giant Buddha to the top of the mountain along the mountain road next to the temple, and then spread the giant Buddha (Datang brand) from the hillside to the foot of the mountain. At this time, the huge Buddha statue will be displayed in front of thousands of people who come to visit.
After "sunbathing Buddha", there will be a dance in the square of Ta 'er Temple. The lamas wear masks and dance various religious dances. While dancing, lamas also recite Buddhist scriptures, pray and perform Tibetan operas, which is an annual stage for performing religious arts in temples.
In fact, the Buddha statue is a special brand in the Tang Dynasty and a rare treasure in scroll painting. On the day of the Buddha exhibition, the first ray of sunshine in the east shines on the earth, which is the best time for the Buddha to unfold, so the Buddha exhibition is also called sunbathing. Sun Buddha is held twice a year in April and June of the lunar calendar to commemorate the birth of Sakyamuni, Awakening, Nirvana and Maitreya, and the birth of Zong Kaba and Nirvana.
Three wonders of art
Butter sculptures, murals and pile embroideries in Ta 'er Temple are known as "three wonders of art".
wall painting
Murals are paintings on the walls of various temples. Most of them are painted on cloth curtains, and some mural pigments painted directly on walls and beams are made of stone minerals with bright and lasting colors. The mural style belongs to the religious painting department of Lamaism, and it has a strong Indian and Tibetan flavor. Most murals are based on Buddhist scriptures, Buddhist scriptures, Buddhist scriptures, Buddhist scriptures, Buddhist scriptures, Buddhist scriptures, Buddhist scriptures, Buddhist scriptures, Buddhist scriptures, Buddhist scriptures, Buddhist scriptures, Buddhist scriptures, Buddhist scriptures and Buddhist scriptures.
Flowers sewn on a piece of silk or cloth and filled satin patterns.
Pile embroidery is one of the original Tibetan art varieties in Ta 'er Temple. Cut silks and satins of various colors into various shapes, such as Buddha statues, figures, flowers, birds and animals, etc. Decorate with wool or cotton, and then embroider on the curtain. Because there is a protrusion in the middle, it has obvious three-dimensional effect. Piles of "Eighteen Arhats" and other embroidered works of art are hung in the Great Sutra Hall of this temple. Embroidery includes embroidery and velvet cutting, and most of the contents and themes come from Buddhist stories and religious life. It is a traditional art created by temples and a masterpiece of monks' art.
Colored butter pattern
Butter is a creamy food eaten by Tibetan herdsmen on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, and it is a yellow-white oil produced by repeated stirring of milk. This kind of grease is solidified, soft, clean and highly plastic.
Butter sculpture is a unique sculpture art of Tibetans. It is made of white and delicate ghee as raw material and mixed with various mineral pigments. Exquisite shape, fresh color, full of auspicious and festive visual effects. Tibetan compatriots are convinced that all buddhas, bodhisattvas and protectors who sincerely love ghee carving will surely overcome disasters and achieve great happiness. And quickly achieved the three monks and three bodhisattvas of Apdoro.
Legend has it that butter sculpture originated in Tibet. When Princess Tang Wencheng married King Songzan Gambu of Tufan, she
The production of butter sculpture in Ta 'er Temple has a complete set of institutions and scientific procedures. There are two institutions specializing in butter sculpture in the temple, one is called Jiezong Zengzha, and the other is called Gongmangzengzha, commonly known as "Shangyuan" and "Shangyuan". The two gardens compete with each other.
There are about 20 artistic monks in each hospital. These artistic monks are usually admitted to the hospital at the age of fifteen or sixteen, and they have been engaged in art all their lives. The director (called' Zhang Chi') presided over the upper and lower flower beds respectively, and decided the theme, composition and production division of the butter sculpture.
Butter sculpture art inherits the characteristics of' precision',' complexity' and' cleverness' of Tibetan Buddhism art, and its design and production have been handed down from master to apprentice since ancient times, and are generally carefully made in a closed environment.
Because the two flower beds kept each other's disciplines and production techniques secret and blocked the news, they have formed a certain independent school for a long time. They develop in the competition and show their achievements with a new look and new skills every year. At present, the main inheritors of butter sculpture in Ta 'er Temple are Zhaxi Nima, Luozang Dragon Ball, Kalsang Gyal Cuo, Jiayang Xiere and Zhihua Ruozi.
Butter sculpture has a long production cycle and complex technology. It takes three months from preparation (Tibetan calendar 65438+ 10) to official exhibition (65438+ 10, 65438+May). In order to make ghee smooth and easy to operate, you must first soak ghee in ice water, repeatedly rub, knead and remove impurities to increase toughness, and knead it into a paste for later use.
Before shaping an oil-carved monk, you should take a bath and make a wish, and have a religious ceremony. After the ceremony, Lama Zhang Chi and other monks discussed the theme of butter sculpture, then designed sketches, carefully conceived, planned and arranged them, and then distributed them to masters who were good at figures, animals, flowers and architecture, leading his disciples to start working alone in a cool room with the temperature below zero.
First of all, according to the content of the proposed theme, the basic skeleton is carefully tied with soft leather bundles, hemp ropes, bamboo sticks, etc., and tied into different shapes of' skeletons', that is, basic models.
Second, shape the shape. The first raw material for molding is to mix the old butter sculpture removed last year with wheat straw ash, pound it with a stick into hard and elastic black special-shaped mud, and use this black mud to shape the skeleton into different shapes. Its modeling method is similar to dough or clay sculpture. After the basic modeling is completed, the shape, size and overall structural proportion of the modeling must be modified and approved by the ruler Lama before it can be finalized. The second raw material is to knead all kinds of mineral pigments into butter, mix them into colorful oil and plastic raw materials, carefully apply them to the finished shape, apply them to the face, draw eyebrows, carve flowers, carve cores, and decorate some facial features with gold, silver and halo dyes.
Finally, according to the general requirements of the design, the molded ghee sculptures are installed with iron wires one by one, that is, fixed on several large wooden boards or special pots, and suspended in the air one by one, creating shapes of different sizes, ranging from pavilions, bodhisattvas and King Kong to flowers, birds, insects and fish as small as three to five centimeters, to become a complete, realistic and lifelike three-dimensional picture.
The finished drawing of butter sculpture should have a slope of about 20 degrees forward. First, it is convenient for the viewer to look up slightly to see the panorama. Second, I am afraid that the butter sculpture will melt from top to bottom, and the melted liquid on it will make the following shape. Generally speaking, due to the influence of temperature, the finished butter sculpture will be rebuilt every one or two years.
Because the melting point of butter sculpture is very low, 15 degrees will be deformed and will melt around 25 degrees. In order to prevent the influence of body temperature on ghee sculpture, monks should soak their hands in biting snow before kneading. In order to prevent their hands from getting warm, they must soak in ice water and catch the ice from time to time to keep their fingers cold. Therefore, every monk has different degrees of arthropathy and even disability.
Without devotion to Buddhism and persistence in religious art, it is difficult to do it. Year after year, in the dark gre
Although the butter sculpture is called' Flower', it has diverse themes and rich contents. It is mainly composed of various storylines, such as Buddhism, civil and military officials, birds and beasts, flowers and birds, fish and insects, bonsai of trees and flowers, pavilions and pavilions. Simple and flexible, widely dispersed perspective, locally focused perspective, clever use of three-dimensional sense, forming a complete three-dimensional picture.
Butter sculpture is not limited by time and space, and it is especially good at expressing complex plots in large scenes, inheriting the treatment method of "different time and the same place" in Buddhist murals. In a limited space, dozens of storylines can crisscross in the form of comic strips on a picture, which looks complicated but not chaotic and seamless.
Ta temple debate
Debate is a Buddhist term and a debate on Buddhist theory. That is to say, after learning Buddhist scriptures, in order to strengthen the real understanding of Buddhist scriptures, monks exchange their experiences and Buddhist teachings through questions and answers, just like our academic discussion. It is a way for lamas to learn Buddhist scriptures.
The debate in Ta 'er Temple is held from 3 pm to 4 pm every day.
When I arrived at the debating place, I saw that most people had finished debating the classics, but only one place was still in full swing. The two men argued fiercely and plunged into it, while the monks watching the battle listened attentively. I feel that they are discussing the problem in depth, and the monks who are listening are also listening and thinking. Although I can't understand what they are saying, their temperament makes me feel that they are very wise, very different from ordinary monks, which can be said to be different.
After watching the debate, I went up the mountain to see those small temples. There were Buddha statues in them, and many of them were going to close. The monk on duty put out the butter lamp in the temple and locked the door.
The residence of the Panchen Lama is also on the mountain. He didn't go in, he just looked outside. It is getting dark. In the photo, I stand on this platform and look at the Ta 'er Temple below.
Then came a little Lama, about twelve or thirteen years old. We smiled at each other and started talking.
The young monk came in at the age of six and has been studying. His homework is getting harder and harder. However, his Chinese is not very good. When I asked him some complicated questions, he didn't understand. Just then, a young adult Lama came to help us translate, so that we could communicate. After that, I chatted with him. His name is Lu Zang San Dan, and he is the highest grade student here. Temperament is completely different from ordinary lamas, generous and wise.
Lu Sandan has a Japanese study book in his hand. He has learned English well and now teaches himself Japanese.
I asked him curiously about his study here, but I didn't expect to find a short story.
Lu Sandan, originally born in a small temple in the countryside, has always been eager to learn. When his knowledge of temples is not enough, he wants to study in Ta 'er Temple. So with the support of some monks, he went to Ta 'er Temple to study. I didn't expect Ta 'er Temple to have a strict system of recruiting monks. With no background and connections like him, he will not accept it at all.
Zang Sandan has been meditating and chanting in front of Ta 'er Temple, and continues every day without a day's delay. It's raining all the time. Monks in the temple pass by the door every day. After a long time, everyone knew him, and several lamas in the temple who had the right to make decisions also noticed him.
Later, when the money for support was spent, Lu Zang and San Dan often went hungry and had to rely on family relief or others' untimely support. Speaking of this, I can feel that his heart is still very sad.
Finally, one day, the Lama in charge of the temple came to inform him that he could formally enter the temple to study.
It turned out that several lamas in charge of the temple felt that Lu Zang San Dan was so persistent and loved to learn Buddhism, and was moved by his perseverance and determination. When someone raised an objection, the leader of the temple Lama made it clear that those who had the opportunity to study in the temple did not cherish and did not study hard. Lu Zang San Dan is so studious and persistent, of course, he should be given a chance to learn. I believe he can.
Talking with Lu Zangsan Dan about what he just saw and the process of debating scriptures, he said that the two men were his classmates. He was busy today, so he didn't attend. Usually, they debate the scriptures together. No wonder, I think his temperament is the same as theirs, and he looks familiar.
At some point, when others can learn through many informal channels, such as various relationships, Lu Zangsan Dan still feels a little unbalanced, but he is so hard and tired. He feels very sorry and uncomfortable for the unequal treatment and time delay he has received in the past six months.
I have completely different views from Lu Zang San Dan. I thought for a moment and said to him, "It seems that you suffered a lot to get the chance to learn, but you earned it all yourself." These hardships also exercise your mind and become your wealth. "Only what you get through your own efforts is truly yours and truly valuable. Those people can learn in a more convenient way, which seems easy, but it is not good for their growth.
Feeling these words, Lu Zangsan Dan listened and accepted them. After that, Lu Zang San Dan invited me to visit the residence bought by his family. It turns out that there are some open spaces in Ta 'er Temple, and monks' families will build some houses, which can be used as places for visiting monks and gathering friends. They are usually bought and sold in monks' families. I went with a 12 monk. I see a nice house, which can accommodate several people. Lu Zangshan Dan said, I can live here if I want.
After thinking for a moment, I live here alone, a little scared, thinking that if May comes, we can all feel the feeling of living together in Ta 'er Temple. I told Lu Zangsan Dan that I didn't tell my friend, so I still have to go back to my friend's house, otherwise my friend will be worried. If my friend can come with me tomorrow, we will stay together for one night.
Seeing that it was getting late, I suggested going back. Lu Zang San Dan saw that I was very interested in a row of books he put there. He took out a book and said he would give it to me. I asked him to write his name in the book. He wrote down his Chinese name and Tibetan name, as well as his mailing address, saying that he could write and discuss with him if he didn't understand anything.
It has his Japanese name on it.
It's dark. I don't know how to get out of here if they don't see me off. Zang Sandan and the young monk walked me to the door and watched me go far before leaving.
May has been waiting for me for a long time. She was really worried. Luckily, I came back in time. Otherwise, she's already wondering whether to ask a friend about my stay in Ta 'er Temple. I told her about staying in the temple at night, and she seemed quite distrustful and relieved. I still don't feel safe living there alone, so I forgot the idea of living there.
This book, written by Zong Kaba, focuses on "wisdom in wisdom" in Buddhism. "Middle View" is an important concept in Buddhism. This book is very helpful to help us understand this concept in depth. Thanks to Gacuo, with this book, I opened a window to learn about Tibetan Buddhism. Zong Kaba has a deep study of Buddhism, and his books can help us understand Tibetan Buddhism deeply. Through reading this little book, I feel that Buddhism founded by the Buddha is very wise and looks like philosophy to me.
This is a brand-new discovery. Since then, I have developed a strong interest in Tibetan Buddhism.
My trip to Tibet is destined to be a trip to learn more about Tibetan Buddhism. Looking forward to my trip to Tibet.
Since then, I have a firm idea in my heart, and I will try my best to overcome difficulties, even if there are great difficulties, I will finish this trip!
I enjoyed my trip today, met two sincere friends and got two meaningful books. These two books are still on my bookshelf!
For travelers who like Buddhism, this is the ultimate adventure, and your soul will get the ultimate baptism. All this is strange and subtle, which will bring tremor and confidence to your life.