[Abstract]1The Battle of Dabaidi in February, 929 not only had a far-reaching impact on the victory and development of the Red Fourth Army, but also opened up a new situation for opening up the central revolutionary base area (also known as the Central Soviet Area). Without the victory of the Battle of Dabaidi, it would be impossible to establish the central revolutionary base area, and it would be impossible for China Soviet to build its capital in the largest base area in the country, which greatly affected the process of the China revolution.

[Keywords:] the historical significance of the Battle of Dabaidi in the Central Soviet Area

The Battle of Dabaidi is an extremely important battle for the Red Fourth Army to move to southern Jiangxi and western Fujian, and it is the most glorious war since the founding of the Red Army. Eighty-three years ago, in order to smash the third "suppression" of the enemy troops in Hunan and Jiangxi in Jinggangshan revolutionary base area, Mao Zedong, Zhu De and Chen Yi led more than 3,600 main troops of Gongsi Army to implement the strategy of "encircling Wei to save Zhao". After an arduous battle journey, they arrived in Ruijin, lured the enemy into the ground and defeated the pursuer. The victory of the Battle of Dabaidi had a far-reaching impact on the future victory and development of Gongsijun, and also opened up a new situation for opening up the central revolutionary base area.

First, the Battle of Dabaidi was the most glorious war since the founding of the Gongsi Army, which boosted morale and greatly boosted military strength.

Chen Yi pointed out in his Report on the History and Situation of Zhu Maojun to the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China: "After repeated defeats, our army defeated the powerful enemy with the last throw, and the officers and men fought the enemy with branches and stones in a pool of blood, which was the most glorious war since the founding of the Red Army." [1] The Fourth Army of the Chinese Workers and Peasants Red Army was founded in Jinggangshan Revolutionary Base in May 1928. Under the leadership of party representative Mao Zedong and commander Zhu De, "the region is expanding day by day, the agrarian revolution is deepening day by day, the people's political power is developing day by day, and the Red Army and Red Guards are growing day by day". [2]

The Red Fourth Army suffered many times from the enemy's "encirclement and suppression". In June 5438+February of the same year, it joined forces with the Red Fifth Army and moved from the Hunan-Jiangxi border to Jinggangshan. The arrival of the Red Fifth Army not only strengthened the ranks of the Red Army, but also strengthened the Jinggangshan revolutionary base area. The development of Jinggangshan base area caused Chiang Kai-shek's panic. 1June, 929, 65438+1October, organized the Hunan-Jiangxi enemy 18 regiment again to launch the third "social suppression" against Jinggangshan. Under the severe situation, the main force of the Red Fourth Army, according to the spirit of Bailuyuan Conference, took Gannan as the attack direction and solved the siege of Jinggang. Under the leadership of Mao Zedong, Zhu De and Chen Yi, they began to March into Gannan.

On the way to Gannan, Gongsijun had a very difficult life. Along the way, it was chased and intercepted by the enemy brigades of Li Wenbin and Liu Shiyi, and it was repeatedly in danger. In Dayu County, he Tingying, a representative of the Red 28th Regiment, was seriously injured and died during the transfer. After Kongtian in Anyuan County got rid of the danger of being attacked by Li Wenbin Brigade, Gongsijun had to move to Xunwu County overnight. Later, he was attacked by Liu Shiyi in Xiazhen Village, Jitan, Xunwu County, causing heavy casualties. Zhu De's wife Wu was injured, captured and killed by the enemy. Subsequently, Luotang, located at the junction of Wuping in Fujian and Huichang in Jiangxi, was once again blocked by Liu Shiyi. "Without the help of the masses, it is difficult for the Red Army to March and camp like detectives, and the enemy has adopted the policy of shift pursuit. In order to get rid of the enemy, our army marched more than 90 miles on average every time, and the hardships along the way were aggravated by ice and snow. Lien Chan in Pingding 'ao, Wei in Chongxian and Xia in Shenzhen all lost ... "[3] Morale was low.

On February 9, the Red Fourth Army, which fought all the way, arrived in Dabaidi, the border of Ruijin and Ningdu. Once again, it faced the dilemma of hunger, cold and exhaustion, and it was difficult to get rid of the pain of chasing the enemy. Dabaidi is a mountain village in the north of Ruijin. In front of Aiqian Mountain, Mazi 'ao and Dabaidi Mountain stand tall and there is a narrow valley about ten miles long. Mao Zedong presided over a meeting of the front committee of the Gongsi Army in Wangjiaci, analyzed the enemy's situation, and decided to use the terrain favorable for ambush in Ruijin to annihilate the chasing enemy and deploy troops. The next day, with the 28th regiment as the outpost, we lured the enemy in and covered the retreat. The enemy got into the pocket of the Red Army. After the fighting started, the Red Army ambushed on the hills on both sides fought hard and wiped out nearly two enemy regiments in one fell swoop. The fighting didn't end until noon the next day. More than 800 people including Xiao Zhiping and Zhong Huan were arrested and more than 800 guns were collected. This is the first victory since GongSiJun went to Israel. "Defeat Liu Shiyi when you get to Dabaidi" and "deliver the nine-ring spear to the river". After the victory of Great Bai Causeway, the Red Army soldiers were ecstatic and made up many folk songs reflecting the battle scenes.

Fighting in the Great White encouraged and united morale, which not only reversed the passive situation of Gongsijun, but also inspired the revolutionary masses and guerrillas in southwest Jiangxi, and was praised by Chen Yi as "the most glorious war since the establishment of the Red Army". This victory is not only a New Year gift brought by Gongsijun to the people of Gannan, but also a groundbreaking ceremony for Gongsijun to open up the base areas in Gannan and western Fujian. 1933, Mao Zedong revisited Dabaidi and was moved by the scene here, and wrote the famous poem "Bodhisattva is full of Dabaidi". This is also the only poem describing the battle among the poems 1 1 written by Mao Zedong successively in the Central Soviet Area. This shows the importance and weight of the victory of the Battle of Baidicheng in Mao Zedong's mind.

Second, the ambush tactics of luring the enemy in the great white land battle have accumulated valuable experience for the Central Soviet Area to smash the enemy's "encirclement and suppression".

Mao Zedong pointed out in "Strategic Issues of Revolutionary War in China": "From May 65438 to May 0928, the basic principles of simple guerrilla warfare adapted to the situation at that time, that is, the so-called 16-character formula of" the enemy advances and retreats, the enemy disturbs us, the enemy is tired and I fight, and the enemy retreats and I chase "... Later, our operational principles have been further developed. During the first counter-campaign against "encirclement and suppression" in Jiangxi base area, the policy of "luring the enemy into the depth" was put forward and successfully applied. The enemy's third' encirclement and suppression' failed, and all the operational policies of the Red Army were formed. " 4. This is the whole process of the Red Army's accumulation in previous wars and the formation of anti-encirclement tactics.

In the struggle to lead the creation of Jinggangshan revolutionary base, Mao Zedong, Zhu De and other leaders summarized and formulated the principle of "Sixteen Strategies". Guerrilla work generally includes investigation, propaganda, organization, fund-raising, farewell of prisoners and guerrilla tactics of the Red Army. With the Red Fourth Front Army moving to Gannan, guerrilla work and guerrilla tactics have been further enriched and improved in practice. The most powerful example can be found in the memories of some Red Army generals who fought in the Great White Land. Lion recalled: "Comrade Mao Zedong and Zhu De deployed this battle ... The battlefield was in the mountainous area south of Dabai prefectural committee, and a highway from Ruijin to Ningdu meandered through it. Two battalions of the 28th Regiment and one battalion of the 3rd1Regiment are located on the hill east of the main road, while two battalions of the 3rd1Regiment and one battalion of the 28th Regiment are located on the hill west of the main road. The spy camp and the independent camp are placed in the middle to lure the enemy into the ambush circle. " [5] Chen Yi also made a summary in the Report on Zhu Maojun's History and Status, * * * is 14, in which Article 9 reads: "When there is a pursuer in the rear, there is a sniper in front ... to lure the enemy to pursue desperately ..." [6] Article 14 is "The enemy is in urgent pursuit, choose one. By the time of the first counter-campaign against "encirclement and suppression", Mao Zedong planned to write a couplet at the swearing-in meeting between the army and the people in the Soviet area, namely: "When the enemy advances, I retreat, when the enemy is stationed, I disturb, when the enemy is tired, I fight, when the enemy retreats, I chase, and guerrilla warfare has a good chance of winning; Advance and retreat in moderation, lure the enemy deeper, concentrate our forces, break them one by one, and destroy the enemy by mobile warfare. "Among them, the strategy of" luring the enemy into the depth "was put forward, and it was used in several counter-campaigns against" encirclement and suppression "to win, which was the practice and development of Gongsijun's strategy and tactics in the Battle of Dabaidi.