Wen Tianxiang (1June 6, 236-12831October 9), formerly known as Sun Yun, was named Song Rui with a good word. Road number floating Taoist, Wenshan people.

Luling, Jizhou County, Jiangxi Province (now futian town, Qingyuan District, Ji 'an City, Jiangxi Province) was a politician, writer, patriotic poet, famous anti-Yuan minister and national hero at the end of the Southern Song Dynasty, and together with Lu Xiufu and Zhang Shijie, he was also called "three outstanding men in the end of the Song Dynasty".

Baoyu was the first scholar in four years (1256). In the year of Kai Qing Yuan (1259), he was awarded the judge of the Navy Festival.

In April of the sixth year of Xian Chun (1270), he served as the military supervisor and also managed the bachelor's college. He was dismissed from office because he made sarcastic remarks in Jia Sidao when drafting the imperial edict.

In the first year of Deyou (1275), the Yuan army went down the Yangtze River, and Wen Tianxiang ran out of money for the army, recruiting 50,000 diligent soldiers and entering Wei 'an. Xuanren was appointed as the ambassador of western Zhejiang and Jiangdong, and also known as Pingjiang House. He sent a general to Changzhou, but General Zhang Quan of Huai was defeated and retreated to Yuhang.

He was appointed as the right prime minister and envoy of the Tang Dynasty, and was ordered to make peace with the Yuan Army. Bo Yan, the prime minister of the Yuan Dynasty, was detained and escorted to the north to escape. In May, in Fuzhou, Zhang Shijie, assistant minister Lu Xiufu, right-hand prime minister Chen, etc. They established the sea strategy of going north to Jiangsu and Zhejiang, which was blocked by Chen, so they went to Nanjianfu (now Nanping, Fujian) to gather troops to resist Yuan.

Jingyan attacked Jiangxi again in May of the second year (1277), and was finally forced by the situation and lost to Guangdong. In December of the first year of Xiangxing (1278), he was captured in Wupoling (now Haifeng North, Guangdong).

The following year, Zhang Hongfan, commander-in-chief of the Mongolian and Han armies in the Yuan Dynasty, took him to Jianshan (now Xinhui South) and ordered him to surrender to Zhang Shijie. Wen Tianxiang refused, and The Zero Crossing and Ding Yang was an ambitious book.

After Yuan Shizu was transferred to the Yuan Dynasty (now Beijing), Kublai Khan personally advised him to be the prime minister of Zhongshu. Wen Tianxiang righteously, would rather die than surrender. In the 19th year of Yuan Dynasty (1283 65438+10.9), he died in Dadu. At the age of 47.

He is the author of Wenshan Poetry Collection, A Guide to the South, Postscript to the Guide, Song Zhengqi, etc.

2. Han Xin

Han Xin (about 23 BC1-BC 196), Han nationality, was born in Huaiyin (Huaiyin County, Jiangsu Province, now Huaiyin District, Huai 'an City). The founding hero of the Western Han Dynasty, a strategist, one of the four sages of military strategists, one of three outstanding heroes of early han dynasty, and a representative of China's military thought, was honored as a "soldier fairy" and a "handsome god" by later generations. ?

At the end of Qin Dynasty, he took part in the anti-Qin struggle and defected to Xiang Liang and Xiang Yu, but he was not appointed. Had to switch to Liu Bang, was recommended to worship the Soviet Union, and was later recommended as a general by Xiao He, and Han Xin also formulated Hanzhong countermeasures for Liu Bang.

After Liu Bang and his defeat, Han Xin first defeated the Chu army between Beijing and Suo, and then pacified Wei. Then ordered the Northern Expedition to replace the country. After Liu Bang sent someone to accept his elite soldiers, he finally defeated Zhao and sent someone to surrender Yan.

After that, he sent troops to support Liu Bang, cleared the Chu cavalry sent by Xiang Yu to Zhao, and settled the remaining Zhao cities. After Liu Zaigao's defeat, he took Han Xin's military forces and ordered him to win Qi. After that, Han Xin captured Linzi, wiped out Longyou in Weishui, and led 200,000 Chu troops to help Qi.

Han Xin began to attack Chu, and Xiang Yu was forced to sign a gap agreement with Liu Bang. Liu Bang listened to the plan of Sean and Chen Ping, tore up the gap agreement, pursued Xiang Yu, and was defeated by Xiang Yu. In the fifth year of the Han Dynasty, Han Xin himself An Lushan, Chujun panicked and Xiang Yu committed suicide.

After Xiang Yu's death, he was relieved of his military power and moved to the king of Chu. Later, he was falsely accused of rebellion and demoted to Huaiyin Hou. After plotting with Xiao He, Lv Hou tricked him into Changle Palace, beheaded him in the bell room and killed three families.

"The national scholar is unparalleled" and "meritorious service is the best in the world, slightly out of the world" is the evaluation of people at the time of Chu and Han Dynasties. As commander-in-chief, he captured Wei, replaced it, defeated Zhao, threatened Yan, conquered Qi in the east and destroyed Chu Gaixia in the south, which made him famous all over the world and had a great influence on the world. As a military theorist, he and Sean compiled Sun Tzu's The Art of War and Sun Tzu's Preface, and wrote three articles, The Art of War in Han Xin. ?

3. Lin Zexu

Lin Zexu (1785, August 30th-1850165438+1October 22nd), whose name is Fu, whose name is Mu, whose name is Village Old Man, Village Old Man, Seventy-two Peak Old Man, Bottle Spring Old Man, and Later Oak Tree.

Official to Yipin, served as Governor of Huguang, Governor of Shaanxi and Gansu, Governor of Yunnan and Guizhou, and served as an imperial minister twice; He was called the "national hero" of China because he advocated smoking ban.

1839 When smoking was banned in Guangdong, Lin Zexu sent an unannounced visit to force foreign opium dealers to hand over opium, and the confiscated opium was destroyed in Humen on June 3. The destruction of opium in Humen put Sino-British relations in a state of extreme tension, which became an excuse for British aggression against China during the First Opium War.

Although Lin Zexu struggled against western invasion all his life, he was open to western culture, science and technology and trade, and advocated learning and using it. According to the literature, he knows at least a little English and Portuguese, and is committed to translating western newspapers and books.

Wei Yuan, a thinker in the late Qing Dynasty, compiled the documents translated by Lin Zexu and his aides into "Seaside Map", which inspired the Westernization Movement in the late Qing Dynasty and even the Meiji Restoration in Japan.

1850165438+1On October 22nd, Lin Zexu died in the old county town of Puning.

4. Zhang

Zhang (1525-1July 9, 582) was born in jiangling county (now Jingzhou City, Hubei Province), so it was also called "Zhang Jiangling" at that time.

Politicians and reformers in the middle and late Ming Dynasty, and cabinet records during the Wanli period, helped Emperor Wanli to establish the "Wanli New Deal", which was called "Zhang Reform" in history.

In the 26th year of Jiajing (1547), 23-year-old Zhang was admitted as a scholar. In the first year of Qin Long (1567), he served as the left assistant minister of the official department and a college student of Dongge, and later moved to the cabinet as the second assistant, and was a college student of the official department.

In the sixth year of Qin Long (1572), after Ming Shenzong ascended the throne, Zhang succeeded Gao Gong as cabinet records because of his support from eunuchs. At that time, he was still young, and all military and political events were decided by Zhang.

Zhang implemented a series of reform measures during his ten years as cabinet secretary. Financially, clearing land, implementing the "one whip method", collecting taxes and providing services are all paid with silver. "Taicang Xiaomi can support ten years, and Zeus has accumulated more than four million yuan."

Militarily, Qi Jiguang and Li were appointed as the north of the city, and Ling and Yin Zhengmao were used to quell the southwest rebellion. Administratively, the government is in awe of the comprehensive assessment of name and reality, and adopts the "examination method" to assess officials at all levels. "Wan Li is out, but it is chasing down, chasing in the evening."

In the tenth year of Wanli (1582), Zhang died on July 9th (June 20th of the lunar calendar) at the age of 58. He was presented with Zhu Guo and Wen Zhong (the latter two were deprived).

Zhang was also the only civil servant in Ming Dynasty who was awarded a teacher and a teacher before his death. Confiscated by Ming Shenzong after his death, he was rehabilitated in the second year of the Apocalypse of Xi Ming (1622). He is the author of "Collected Works of Zhang Taiyan", which directly interprets the classics of books and illustrates the emperor's mirror.

5. Li Shimin

Li Shimin (65438+5981October 28th-10, July 649) was born in Ji Cheng (now Qin 'an County, Gansu Province). The second emperor of the Tang Dynasty (reigned from 626 to 649), an outstanding politician, strategist, militarist and poet, was the second son of Tang Gaozu tang gaozu, and his mother was the grandmother Dou Shi.

Born in Wugongtang (now Wugong County, Shaanxi Province), he joined the army as a teenager and was good at riding and shooting. He once went to Yanmenguan to rescue Yang Di. Jinyang was the first to arise and was named Duke of Dunhuang. He was good at fighting. After entering Chang 'an, he was worshipped as Shang Shuling and General You Wuhou, and was named King of Qin.

After the establishment of the Tang Dynasty, Ce Tian and Stuart, the official generals, were made kings of Qin. Pacify the separatist forces such as Xue, Liu Wuzhou, Dou Jiande and Wang, and make great contributions to the establishment and unification of the Tang Dynasty. Set up a literature museum to attract talents.

In the ninth year of Wude (July 2, 626), he launched the Xuanwumen Rebellion, killed Prince Li, Li Yuanji, King of Qi, and made him a prince. Tang Gaozu Tang Gaozu abdicated, officially acceded to the throne, the title of Zhenguan.

In the early days of his rule, he listened to the opinions of ministers and accepted advice with an open mind. Governing the country and leveling the world with Chinese characters, practicing economy, persuading farmers and mulberry workers to recuperate, making the country prosperous and the people safe, and creating "the rule of chastity."

Open up territory to the outside world, attack and destroy East Turkistan and Xueyantuo, conquer Gaochang, Qiuci and Tuguhun, hit Goguryeo hard, and set up four towns in Anxi, so that all ethnic groups can live in harmony. All ethnic groups in the north are collectively called "Tiankhan", which laid an important foundation for the prosperity of the Tang Dynasty 100 years.

In the twenty-third year of Zhenguan (10,649), he died in the wind in the temple at the age of 52. In the twenty-third year of his reign, the temple was named Taizong and was buried in Zhaoling. I like literature and calligraphy, and I have poems handed down from generation to generation by Mo Bao.

Baidu Encyclopedia-Wen Tianxiang

Baidu Encyclopedia-Han Xin

Baidu Encyclopedia-Lin Zexu

Baidu encyclopedia-Zhang

Baidu Encyclopedia-Li Shimin