The more civilized countries with a long history, the earlier gambling places appear. Around 3000 BC, gambling games of dice appeared in Iraq and India. Liu Bo, the earliest opera in ancient China, is said to have originated in Cao Wu in the late summer and was popular in the Zhou Dynasty. According to Liezi Huangdi, Zhou Xuanwang loved cockfighting and was quite accomplished in raising chickens. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, with the development of social economy, especially the prosperity of urban commodity economy, gambling activities prevailed in all social strata and regions. According to Liezi Fu, a rich man named Yu Liang not only likes gambling, but also holds a gambling game upstairs at home facing the street every day, and gamblers from all over the world come here. Biography of Historical Records of Su Qin records that Linzi, the capital of Qi State, is "very rich and true, and all its people are boastful, playing the lute and fighting cocks and stooges". During this period, the types of Bo Opera became diversified, with cockfighting, running dogs (running dogs), six Bo, chess and pot throwing competing. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, mahjong, known as the quintessence of Chinese culture, began to appear and quickly spread throughout the country. After the Opium War, some western gambling techniques, such as horse racing, roulette and poker, were introduced to China, which made the gambling culture in China more complicated. Gambling has become a special social and cultural phenomenon and social problem.