1. The development of China ceramic culture 1. 1 Neolithic Age Early Neolithic Age, that is, 7000-8000 years ago, our ancestors began to make pottery. At that time, the social productivity of human beings was very low, and the degree of material civilization of society was not high, which led to the rough and simple characteristics of Neolithic pottery. According to previous research, the initial pottery making method may be to coat the surface of the basket with clay. After the fire, the basket is burned, and the soil outside the basket becomes hard after firing, so the pottery is fired [1]. According to the latest archaeological data, the earliest pottery remains found in China are Xianrendong Site in Wannian County, Jiangxi Province, Qingtang in Yingde, Guangdong Province, Slippery Stone Cave in Lingshan, Pipiyan in Guilin, Guangxi, etc. In the excavation of more than a dozen cultural sites [2] such as Yangshao culture, Qujialing culture, Hemudu culture, Dawenkou culture and Longshan culture in the late Neolithic age, a large number of ceramics were unearthed, and the main varieties were gray pottery, painted pottery, black pottery and geometric pottery. Primitive painted pottery can be roughly divided into pots, cans, pots, jars, spoons and so on. Painted patterns mostly appear in geometric shapes, with rough techniques and novel and smooth composition, which shows the skill level of pottery making in China at that time. There are not many black pottery patterns in Longshan culture, but the whole is round and straight, and the wall is thin and uniform, showing amazing skills [3]. 1.2 Shang dynasty pottery in Xia and Jin dynasties generally inherited the Neolithic style, and its varieties did not develop much. Therefore, the pottery is still dominated by gray pottery, but at that time there were different workshops specializing in firing muddy gray pottery and muddy mixed sand gray pottery. In the later period, white pottery and printed hard pottery developed greatly, especially white pottery, which has the artistic characteristics of bronze ware and is gorgeous and precious. At the same time, green glazed primitive porcelain (fourteen pieces of pottery in Zhengzhou, Henan Province) with kaolin as the embryo appeared [3]. White pottery fired at high temperature of 1000 degrees in Yin and Shang Dynasties is exquisitely handmade. At the same time, glazed pottery appeared in this period, from unglazed to glazed, which was a great progress in technology. The important development of pottery in the Zhou Dynasty was the application of pottery to buildings, such as slab tiles, simple tiles, tiles, tiles nails, rotten bricks and so on. The sites are distributed in Shaanxi, Henan, Anhui, Jiangsu and other places. In the Warring States period, the shape of ceramics became very beautiful and lively, and the lines were more round and smooth, which showed the liberation of people's minds at that time. This is consistent with the social environment in which a hundred schools of thought contend during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. The structure and scale of pottery kiln are larger than before, and the number of products has also increased. There are black pottery and aluminum glazed pottery in the north, and printed pottery and primitive celadon in the south. In addition, burial with pottery figurines, animals and pottery has become a custom [2]. In the Han dynasty, glazed pottery replaced a large number of copper daily necessities, thus making pottery develop rapidly. Due to the mastery of processing technology, pottery decorations with vivid patterns and shapes have appeared, which have quite high artistic value. Xi 'an's Terracotta Warriors and Horses are exquisitely carved in shape, robes, Oracle bones and bun. It can be seen that the glazed pottery in Han Dynasty has developed to a very high stage, which is a bridge from pottery to porcelain. During the Western Jin Dynasty, with the stability of the country, the firing of Yue kiln celadon was improved. Porcelain kilns have multiplied. From the tire color, it is slightly deeper than the Three Kingdoms period, with richer shapes and some new shapes. Yue porcelain in the Eastern Jin Dynasty declined. In the Northern and Southern Dynasties, due to the political situation of national division, the decline trend of quantity and quality was very obvious, only some small-scale kilns in the Southern Dynasty and celadon kilns in the Northern Dynasty (Shandong) [4]. The achievements of the five dynasties ceramics are mainly the "secret color porcelain" of Yueyao, mainly celadon. As a tribute to the court, it is also dedicated in decoration and has a high artistic level [5]. 1.3 Ceramic Culture in the Sui and Tang Dynasties The Sui and Tang Dynasties was a period of outstanding development of feudal society, economy and culture in China. Ceramics developed into the Sui and Tang Dynasties and entered a stage of prosperity and development. The unification of Sui Dynasty made the ceramic industry develop greatly, and the most important thing was the appearance of white porcelain. The improvement of the technology of firing white glazed porcelain in Sui Dynasty laid a solid foundation for the production of famous white porcelain in Xing kiln and Ding kiln in Tang Dynasty. It also created conditions for the emergence of the pattern of "southern blue and northern white" porcelain making. White porcelain in the Tang Dynasty is represented by white porcelain with dragon handle and double lotus bottle and dragon handle and chicken head pot [1]. Besides daily utensils such as bottles, pots, bowls and dishes, white porcelain is also widely used in all fields of life. After a long period of development, the three major pottery-making areas in the Tang Dynasty formed obvious regional characteristics and fixed kiln names, such as celadon represented by Yue kiln and white porcelain represented by Xing kiln. Colored porcelain is a new variety in the Tang Dynasty, which opened up a new world for later colored glass and painting. Tang Sancai is a kind of low-temperature lead glazed pottery. It is named after the frequent use of three colors: yellow, green and brown. Generally, as funerary objects, it is divided into vessels, figures and animals. It is a masterpiece of ancient pottery-making technology in China. 1.4 Ceramic Culture in Song and Yuan Dynasties The Song Dynasty was an extremely glorious historical period for China porcelain industry. Many new and famous porcelain kilns have appeared all over the country. The so-called five famous kilns-Ding kiln, Ru kiln, Guan kiln, Ge kiln and Jun kiln-are typical representatives [6]. Ding kiln, also known as Fending, is famous for firing white porcelain. Bowl and plate products are covered with colored glaze, and the mouth edges are not glazed. Ru kiln, commonly known as "Mangkou", is specially designed to burn royal celadon for the court. The firing process has reached the acme in the history of China ceramics. The glaze bone of official kiln porcelain is hard and thin, the glaze color is clear and fresh, moist as grease, the lines are vertical and horizontal, elegant and smooth. Ge kiln, also known as Zhang kiln. Porcelain is dignified and simple in shape, moist and thick in glaze, and precious from generation to generation. Jun kiln mainly burns opaque glazed porcelain, black porcelain and white porcelain with black flowers, which is famous for its magical "kiln change" [7]. Song porcelain has made great achievements in technology, with rich varieties, simple and beautiful shapes and diverse decoration methods. The famous porcelain capitals of official kilns and private kilns have different styles, some are handsome, some are vigorous, some are elegant, some are gorgeous, some are simple, some are full of folk colors, and a hundred flowers bloom, showing the beauty of unique style. Because of the war in Yuan Dynasty, the porcelain industry was hit, but there were still new innovations in the porcelain industry, and blue-and-white porcelain and underglaze red techniques appeared. On the one hand, the traditional products of some famous kilns in Song and Jin Dynasties, such as Cizhou Kiln, Jun Kiln, Jingdezhen Kiln and Longquan Kiln, are still being fired, especially Longquan Kiln and Bai Qing Kiln. Due to the need of export, large vessels have increased and the production scale has generally expanded; On the other hand, in the middle and late Yuan Dynasty, Jingdezhen officially fired blue and white, red in glaze, cobalt blue glaze, copper red glaze, egg white glaze and other new varieties, which laid the foundation for becoming a porcelain capital in the future [8]. 1.5 Ceramic culture In the Ming and Qing Dynasties before the Ming Dynasty, the glaze color of ceramics was mainly blue, while in the Ming Dynasty, white porcelain was the bulk, which created material conditions for the decoration of porcelain. At this time, Jingdezhen, an important town of porcelain industry in China, is the center. At its peak, there were 50 official kilns and 900 private kilns. "Artisans came from all directions and goods were all over the world", "White smoke covered the sky during the day and red flame burned the sky at night" was a portrayal of the grand occasion at that time. Porcelain in the Ming Dynasty is extremely rich in shapes, mainly blue and white porcelain. Blue-and-white porcelain in this period was dignified in the early stage, light and handsome in the middle stage, and mainly consisted of bowls, plates, bottles, goblets and monk's hat pots. In the late Ming Dynasty, flower beds, candlesticks and incense burners in blue and white stationery and religious porcelain were produced in large quantities, which met people's needs in cultural life and religious customs. In the Ming Dynasty, porcelain such as Doucai and Multicolored were fired on the basis of underglaze porcelain. The main achievement of fighting color porcelain is to create a new process of combining underglaze blue and white with underglaze multi-hue. Multicolored porcelain is a kind of glaze color of porcelain, and "multicolored" contains many colors [9]. The colorful porcelains in Jiajing and Wanli periods in Ming Dynasty are the most distinctive, such as the existing white glazed bottle with gluttony pattern in Wanli period, which is a typical work imitating the gluttony pattern of bronze wares in Western Zhou Dynasty [1]. In the early Qing Dynasty, porcelain-making technology reached a historical peak. In the first and middle period of Qing Dynasty, the social economy of Kangxi, Yongzheng and Qianlong entered a prosperous period, and the porcelain-making technology in China reached a historical peak and made great progress. Most of the existing crafts and varieties in the Ming Dynasty were improved or innovated. On the basis of the Ming Dynasty, the colored porcelain of the Qing Dynasty also made great progress, with innovative technology and more colors. Ink, blue and gold also appear on colorful porcelain paintings, creating some new decorative varieties such as pastel, enamel, purple sand, woven gold, black porcelain and Shiwan plastic. Elegant colors are its characteristics, thus enriching the porcelain decoration in Qing Dynasty and making China ceramics brilliant [10]. Porcelain firing in the later period was mainly in Tongzhi, Guangxu and Xuan Tong kilns. Compared with the early and middle period, the burned works lack artistry and appreciation. Only the firing quality of low-grade commercial porcelain can be maintained [1 1].