The rise and fall of the two countries are very similar, both of which are sailing adventures supported by government forces. Portugal and Spain carved up the world by competing with each other, established a colonial empire with world influence by relying on new routes and colonial plunder, and reached its peak in the first half of the16th century, becoming the first generation of world powers.

The reason for their decline is that these two countries, which rose rapidly by plunder, did not pay attention to the development of industry and commerce, and eventually fell behind in the subsequent competition and quickly prospered and declined.

2. Netherlands:

The Dutch designed ships at a lower cost, relied on favorable geographical location and good business reputation, and gradually became ocean-going warriors, establishing a joint province and country that fully guaranteed the rights of businessmen. They established the East India Company, the world's first stock exchange and the first modern bank. With the establishment of a series of modern financial and commercial systems,17th century became the century of the rise of the Netherlands.

At the end of 17, due to natural factors such as land area, the Netherlands gradually lost its hegemony over the world.

3. Britain:

The rise of Britain stems from its earlier industrialization process. When Watt finally solved the core power problem with the universal steam engine, British industrialization began at an alarming speed, and the British began to promote free trade and expand the global market with the support of strong industrial capabilities. With the joint efforts of all parties, Britain became the first industrialized country in the world. During this period, Britain defeated its powerful neighbor France and became the largest colonial empire in the world.

From the middle and late19th century, the colonies became the burden of the British Empire, and the disadvantages of the free market economy gradually emerged, and Britain's development began to slow down, eventually losing its position as the world hegemon.

4. France:

/kloc-in the 0/7th century, King Louis XIV established the most powerful absolute kingship in the European continent in France, which made France's economic, cultural and military strength reach the first peak in history. Louis XIV's love for culture and art cultivated people's admiration for ideology and culture, and the Enlightenment sweeping Europe spread widely in France. The Enlightenment broke the theological shackles of medieval Europe and opened the door to reason.

After the French Revolution broke out, the strangulation of European monarchies caused long-term turmoil in France, and the national strength entered a turbulent period and never recovered.

5. United States:

The turmoil in Europe has brought a large number of immigrants to the United States and the most advanced scientific and technological achievements in Europe. Since then, Edison took the lead in bringing the United States into the electrical age, and the institutional guarantee of invention and innovation has become the constant driving force for the development of this country. From 65438 to 0894, the United States became the largest economic power in the world. The emergence of a large number of new technologies and inventions in the electrical age, as well as the orders brought by World War I, further strengthened the American economy.

1929, the economic crisis affecting the global capitalist countries came, and the United States suffered heavy losses. But this is only a small turbulence on the road of American power, and the United States is still the most powerful country in the world today.

6. Japan:

Japan began the Meiji Restoration after the founding of the People's Republic of China in the era of "black ship diplomacy". Started the industrialization of the country, thus realizing the first rise of the country.

The rise of Japanese militarism and the resulting war and ultimate failure have brought Japan's economy to a standstill. But after World War II, with the support of the United States, Japan's economy developed rapidly. Now, Japan has surpassed Germany to become the third power in the world.

7. Germany:

Bismarck, the bloody prime minister, struggled to survive in the cracks surrounded by European powers. After making full preparations in diplomacy, Germany was finally unified by three foreign wars in 187 1. With the rapid economic development, Germany quickly stood at the forefront of the second industrial revolution and became the first economic power in Europe and the second in the world.

Then Germany quickly became the source of two world wars. After World War II, Germany split again, and its economic strength was not as good as before.

8. Russia:

Russian czar Peter I secretly traveled to European countries and studied there. After returning home, he promoted the process of Russian civilization by tough means. Catherine II, the queen who inherited Peter's reform, introduced European enlightenment and attached importance to education. /kloc-In the late 8th century, Russia became a big country spanning Europe, Asia and America, and became an important role in European affairs.

But serfdom made Russia lag behind Britain, France and other industrialized countries in economic and technological fields. In repeated wars-revolutions-reforms, China's strength was greatly reduced, and in foreign wars, it was repeatedly defeated, which finally came down to the Soviet regime revolution.

Extended data:

The Rise of Great Powers is a historical TV documentary 12 directed by Zhou Yan, which premiered on the financial channel of CCTV on June10/3, 2006. The film recorded the rise of Portugal, Spain, the Netherlands, Britain, France, Germany, Japan, Russia and the United States, and summarized the historical laws of the rise of all countries.

Portugal is a harmonious country, located in the southwest of Europe. It borders Spain in the east, the Atlantic coast in the west and Portugal in the south. In addition to the territory of continental Europe, the Azov Islands and Madeira Islands in the Atlantic Ocean are also Portuguese territories. Portuguese is the mother tongue of 240 million people and the sixth largest language in the world.

Spain is located in Iberian Peninsula in southwest Europe, at the junction of Europe and Africa, bordering Portugal in the west, the Bay of Biscay in the north, France and Andorra in the northeast, and Morocco in Africa across the Strait of Gibraltar in the south. Its territory also includes the Balearic Islands in the Mediterranean, the Canary Islands in the Atlantic and Ceuta and Melilla in Africa.

The Netherlands is a constitutional monarchy compound country composed of four countries: the Netherlands, Aruba, Cura? ao and Dutch Saint Martin, and it is a sovereign country with the Netherlands as its core. The power of the Dutch government is limited to national defense, diplomacy, nationality and extradition. In addition to the above powers, all the constituent countries have complete autonomy and autonomy.

Germany is the federal parliament in central Europe, bordering Denmark in the north, the Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg and France in the west, Switzerland and Austria in the south and the Czech Republic and Poland in the east. The whole country consists of 16 federal states, with Berlin as the capital, with a territory of 357 167 square kilometers and a population of about 82.67 million, which is the population in the European Union.

The United States is a federal constitutional country, which consists of Washington, D.C., 50 states, Guam and many other overseas territories. Its main part is located in the central part of North America, and it is an immigrant country with common English.

Japan, located in East Asia, whose name means "the country of sunrise", consists of four big islands, Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku and Kyushu, and more than 6,800 small islands, with a total area of 378,000 square kilometers. The main ethnic group is the Japanese-speaking Yamato ethnic group, with a total population of about 1.26 billion.

The Russian Empire, referred to as Russia, Russia, Tsarist Russia, Tsarist Russia or Imperial Russia, is also called the Third Rome. It was a Russian country from the coronation of 172 1 Peter I to the abdication of 19 17 Nicholas II. The Russian Empire was also the last monarchy in Russian history, ruled by the Romanov Dynasty.