/kloc-Russia developed capitalism in the first half of the 0/9th century, but Russia is still a backward feudal serfdom country with a narrow market and a lack of free labor, and its social economy lags far behind that of western European countries. In addition,1In the 1950s, Russia suffered a crushing defeat in the Crimean War, which further aggravated the domestic social and economic crisis.

2. Content

186 1 year, Tsar Alexander II signed a decree abolishing serfdom, stipulating that serfs enjoyed personal freedom in law, landlords could not buy and sell serfs and interfere in their lives, and serfs could get a piece of land, but they had to pay a price for it.

3. Assessment and impact

186 1 reform is a top-down capitalist reform carried out by the tsar, and it is an important turning point in Russian history, which is conducive to and accelerates the development of capitalism.

Extended data:

After the reform, Russia still preserved a large number of remnants of serfdom, and the land ownership of landlords, as the economic basis of feudal serfdom, was not annihilated. A few landlords and nobles still occupy a lot of land, while farmers, who account for the vast majority of the population, only occupy a small amount of land.

However, due to the liberation of farmers from their personal attachment to landlords, a large number of freely employed laborers have emerged, and capitalist industries have developed rapidly. The landlord's corvee economy gradually transited to the capitalist economy.

After the reform of serfdom, a series of bourgeois reforms carried out by the czar government in local institutions, municipal management, justice and military affairs also fell behind.

186 1 year later, Russia gradually transitioned from a serfdom society to a capitalist society. The Russian proletariat gradually formed and entered the historical stage as an independent political force.

References:

Baidu Encyclopedia-Russian serfdom Reform