The era of coexistence of national regimes
1. The rise of the Khitan:
(1) Time: 65438+early 20th century.
(2) Character: Bao Ji, the leader of the Khitan, unified the ministries of the Khitan and established the Khitan State.
(3) Capital: studying in Beijing. Bao Ji is Liao Taizu.
2. The establishment of Xixia:
(1) Time:165438+early 20th century.
(2) Character: Yuan Hao, the leader of the Tangut, was called Emperor Daxia.
(3) Capital: In Xingqing (now Yinchuan, Ningxia), it was called Xixia in history.
3. The establishment of the Northern Song Dynasty:
(1) Time: 960
(2) Character: Zhao Kuangyin, a general of the Later Zhou Dynasty, launched a mutiny in Chen Qiaoyi and established Tokyo as the capital in the Song Dynasty, which was called the Northern Song Dynasty in history.
4. The Northern Song Dynasty formed a famous alliance with Liao. After the war, the two sides maintained peace for a long time.
5. The establishment of the Southern Song Dynasty: 1 127 Jin destroyed the Northern Song Dynasty. In the same year, Zhao Gou ascended the throne, with its capital in Lin 'an, which was known as the Southern Song Dynasty.
6. After Yue Fei transferred troops, Song and Jin reached a peace agreement, and the two sides drew a dividing line from Huaishui to Dasanguan. The confrontation between Song and Jin Dynasties took shape.
The economic center of gravity moved south.
1. The shipbuilding industry in the Song Dynasty ranked first in the world. The shipbuilding industry in Guangzhou and Quanzhou in the southeast coast is developed.
2. Zhancheng Rice is an excellent variety introduced from Vietnam, which was rapidly popularized in Jiangnan area in the Southern Song Dynasty. Rice jumped to the top of grain output in the Song Dynasty, mainly produced in the south. Cotton planting has expanded from Guangdong, Guangxi and Fujian to the Yangtze River basin. Tea trees are mainly planted in hilly areas of the south of the Yangtze River.
3. In the Northern Song Dynasty, Sichuan's silk products were "the best in the world". Silk production in Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces is very high, and many silks used by the imperial court come from Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces.
4. By the Southern Song Dynasty, Jiangnan area had become the focus of China porcelain industry. The ice-cracked porcelain fired in Zhejiang Geyao gives people a unique aesthetic feeling. It rose in Jingdezhen in the Northern Song Dynasty and later developed into a famous porcelain capital.
Lin 'an, the largest commercial city in the Southern Song Dynasty, was far more prosperous than Kaifeng in the Northern Song Dynasty.
6. The overseas trade in Song Dynasty was developed and became an important country engaged in overseas trade in the world at that time. Guangzhou and Quanzhou are world-famous large commercial ports.
7. The Yuan government encouraged overseas trade and established and managed shipping companies in major ports.
In the early Northern Song Dynasty, Jiaozi appeared in Sichuan, which was the earliest paper money in the world. The emergence of paper money is conducive to commercial development.
9. From the middle and late Tang Dynasty, the economic center of gravity moved south and was finally completed in the Southern Song Dynasty. At that time, the government's fiscal revenue mainly came from the south, especially the southeast. (the country is fundamental and given to the southeast)
Key points of history knowledge in junior one.
The social characteristics of the song dynasty.
1. In the early years of Northern Song Dynasty, ordinary people could only wear black and white clothes. Due to the advocacy of scholar-officials, women bound their feet.
2. Mutton is the most common meat in the Northern Song Dynasty; Eat more fish in the Southern Song Dynasty. In the Song Dynasty, pasta was the main food in the north and rice was the main food in the south.
There were no horses in Song Dynasty, so people used ox carts and donkey carts. Dignitaries travel in sedan chairs. At that time, the traffic was relatively developed, and "geoelectricity was like a cloud", which described the prosperity of the hotel industry.
With the continuous growth of the citizen class, the cultural life of the citizens is also increasingly rich. There are many entertainment and business places in Tokyo, called "Wazi". There are many special performing circles in Wali, called "Goulan". The existence of tiles increases the vitality of the city.
Today's traditional festivals, such as Spring Festival, Lantern Festival, Dragon Boat Festival, Mid-Autumn Festival, etc. Both existed in the Song Dynasty. In the Song Dynasty, the Spring Festival was called New Year's Day, and it was the most important.
The Rise of Mongolia and the Establishment of Yuan Dynasty
1. 1206, Mongolian nobles held a meeting, elected Temujin as Khan, and honorably called him Genghis Khan, thus establishing Mongolia, thus ending the long-term melee.
2. 127 1 year, Kublai Khan's founding date, 1272, with its capital in Dadu. 1276 Yuan army occupied Lin 'an and the Southern Song Dynasty perished.
3. Yuan Dynasty was both a political center and a world-famous commercial metropolis. The book A Journey to Kyle Poirot tells the story of Italian traveler Kyle Poirot in the East and describes the bustling scene of the metropolis.