1. Historical materialism, that is, historical materialism

Historical materialism is a science about the general law of human social development. An important part of Marxist philosophy. Scientific view of social history and general methodology of understanding and transforming society. Also known as historical materialism. Use the word "historical materialism" to express this scientific view of social history: "It is believed that the ultimate cause and great motive force of all important historical events is the economic development of society, the change of production mode and exchange mode, and the division of society into different classes and the struggle between these classes.

2. Historical idealism, that is, historical idealism

Historical idealism is an unscientific view of history about the development of human society. It holds that social consciousness determines social existence, and people's ideological motivation is the fundamental reason for social development, while denying the objective law of social development is also called idealistic historical view. As opposed to "materialism". One of the two basic schools of philosophy. Advocate that spirit is the origin of the world, the world is the product or expression of spirit, and spirit determines matter; People's knowledge is innate, or it is produced in their own minds. There are two basic forms: subjective idealism and objective idealism.