The State Council recently issued the Notice on Strengthening the Protection of Cultural Heritage, and decided to designate the second Saturday of June as the "Cultural Heritage Day" in China from 2006. This means that the protection of cultural heritage has begun to enter the field of vision and social concern.
However, the protection of cultural heritage has been neglected for a long time. Over the years, great changes have taken place in the cultural ecology of China.
In the process of economic development, many cultural heritages and ancient buildings have disappeared consciously or unconsciously. Due to non-renewability, many material heritages bearing great historical and cultural values have left us forever.
Since 1950s, many cities in China have started new construction. Due to the lack of understanding of the value and function of historical and cultural heritage, the historical ancient city has been devastated. Since the 1980s, new construction has been continuously carried out, and the large-scale construction activities in the old urban areas of many large and medium-sized cities have caused "devastating" damage to many traditional historical areas. Many old cities have lost their original features while "changing their old looks".
However, the contempt of ideas, the lack of financial support and the imperfection of institutional norms make the protection of cultural heritage more difficult. The lag between traditional culture and culture and the confusion of old culture directly lead to people's ineffective protection of historical and cultural heritage.
In some people's view, to update, we must break the old and establish new ones, and we must cut the gordian knot and let go of our hands and feet. One-sided pursuit of economic construction and neglect of cultural construction and historical and cultural protection have resulted in more high-rise buildings and tourism development devouring many historical buildings and destroying the features of many historical cities.
This will not only sweep away the cultural relics, original customs and urban features, but also cut off the historical context of society. Moreover, in the long run, it will bring about the weakening of a national culture. The foundation of a national culture and the inheritance of a spiritual civilization all need carriers.
Long-standing culture is carried on thousands of years of cultural heritage, such as customs, traditional performing arts, ancient sites, ancient buildings and so on. Taking architecture as an example, modern buildings mostly use reinforced concrete, which has poor seismic performance, while ancient buildings in China are mostly wood structures, which make them have stronger seismic performance.
Behind this architectural style is China's traditional cultural concept of "combining rigidity with softness". For example, Old Town of Lijiang was basically intact after the earthquake of magnitude 7, and was later named as a World Heritage Site.
Another example is the old house and block of Huoshan Road in Hongkou District, Shanghai, which is the historical block of Shanghai 12 and the witness of the friendship between China people and Jewish people. This place has been protected, and people all over the world will gradually know that when German fascists brutally slaughtered Jews, when many countries refused to accept Jewish refugees who fled in all directions, the people of China, ravaged by Japanese imperialism, also accepted more than 30,000 Jews in a friendly way.
On the contrary, if the carrier carrying historical information dies, the historical culture it carries will inevitably be diluted or die. The significance of preserving cultural heritage is also related to the future.
To understand cultural heritage, we must understand the profound historical and cultural meaning behind it and cultivate new modern culture on the basis of tradition. This "new" culture, which germinates on the basis of historical and cultural traditions, has more foundation, more inside information, more characteristics and more vitality.
Social civilization needs metabolism, but renewal cannot abandon history, but develops on the basis of history and breeds new things from the old environment. Protection and development are a pair of insoluble contradictions, but they are not a pair of insoluble contradictions.
Inheriting development, historical traditions and modernization requirements are all human needs. Wealth should include cultural wealth.
The key to the in-depth protection of cultural heritage is to let all walks of life better appreciate and recognize its value, and the value of history and culture also contains great wealth.
2. The significance of protecting cultural heritage in China 1. Cultural heritage is the crystallization of the wisdom of our ancestors, which directly reflects this important process of human social development, has specific historical, social, technical, economic and aesthetic values, and is an indispensable material evidence for social development.
Therefore, protecting cultural heritage means protecting the inheritance of human culture, cultivating the foundation of social culture, maintaining cultural diversity and creativity, and protecting the sustainable development of society. 2. The cultural heritage of China contains the unique spiritual value, mode of thinking and imagination of the Chinese nation, and embodies the vitality and creativity of the Chinese nation. It is the crystallization of national wisdom and the treasure of all human civilization. Protecting cultural heritage and maintaining national cultural inheritance are prerequisites for connecting national emotional ties, enhancing national unity, maintaining world cultural diversity and creativity, and promoting common development of mankind.
3. Strengthening the protection of cultural heritage is an inevitable requirement for building advanced socialist culture, implementing Scientific Outlook on Development and building a harmonious socialist society. Generally speaking, cultural heritage, as the historical remains of human natural and social activities, reveals this certain historical phenomenon from different aspects and fields, reflecting the ideological, moral and scientific level of ancient people. Its value and function are eternal and of great significance to the protection of cultural heritage. 4. Protecting cultural heritage can help people of all ethnic groups absorb the nutrients of national spirit extensively; Cultural relics play an irreplaceable role in patriotism and revolutionary tradition education; Protecting cultural heritage is the historical basis for protecting the ideological and moral, scientific and cultural quality of people of all ethnic groups; Cultural heritage plays an important role in foreign exchange and protection of tourism development.
Extended data:
China Heritage is a project initiated by National Cultural Heritage Administration, People's Republic of China (PRC) (China), aiming at protecting precious historical relics, historical sites and art forms preserved in China. Including Zhoukoudian Peking Man Site, Dujiangyan in Sichuan, Terracotta Warriors and Horses in Shaanxi, Mount Tai in Shandong and the Forbidden City in Beijing.
As of July 20 17, there are 52 world cultural, landscape and natural heritages in China, including 3 1, 5 world cultural landscape heritages, 4 world cultural and natural dual heritages and 2 world natural heritages1. Cultural Heritage History 1985, members of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, together with Yang, Zheng and Luo, drafted a proposal and submitted it to the Third Session of the Sixth Session, suggesting that China should join the UNESCO Convention for the Protection of World Cultural and Natural Heritage as soon as possible, and actively strive to join the World Heritage Committee, so as to facilitate the preservation and protection of major cultural and natural heritage in China.
Thus, the process of China's accession to the protection of world heritage began. 1985165438+1October 22nd, China joined the list of contracting parties to the Convention for the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage.
From 65438 to 0987, China officially joined the Convention and began to declare World Heritage. In the same year, the first batch of six world heritage sites were successfully declared. By the end of 20 12, 43 world heritages (including 9 natural heritages, 30 cultural heritages and 4 double heritages) in China had been approved by UNESCO, ranking third in the world, only behind Italy (47, including transnational projects) and Spain (44, including transnational projects).
2065438+On June 2 1 22, 2003, the 37th session of the UNESCO World Heritage Committee formally adopted a resolution to include Hani Terrace in Honghe Prefecture, southeastern Yunnan, China and Tianshan Mountain in Xinjiang in the latest World Heritage List. 20 14 On the morning of June 22nd, the 38th session of the UNESCO World Heritage Committee held in Doha, Qatar, deliberated and approved the inclusion of the China Grand Canal Project and the Silk Road Project jointly declared by China, Kazakstan and Kyrgyzstan in the World Heritage List, becoming the 32nd and 33rd World Heritage Sites in China.
Among them, the "Silk Road" is the first joint application of China. So far, the total number of world heritages in China has reached 47, ranking second in the world.
China is one of the countries with the most comprehensive world heritage and the largest number of natural and cultural dual heritage in the world (tied with Australia). Among them, Beijing, the capital, has six world heritages, making it the city with the largest number of heritage projects in the world. Suzhou is the only city in China that hosted the World Heritage Committee meeting (28th session in 2004).
China's 5,000-year-old culture contains immeasurable cultural details, and China culture is the window of the world. References:
Baidu Encyclopedia-China Heritage.
3. What is the significance of understanding the world cultural heritage? Although the object of protecting world cultural heritage is material culture, it emphasizes spiritual culture-history, religion, thought, art and technology.
These "heritages" contain human spirit and wisdom. Their historical height, cultural thickness and natural life tell people that economic development can't destroy nature and heritage, and the world is a world where people live in harmony with nature and people and culture. Cultural heritage is something left over by ancestors, but what remains is not the so-called material "family property", but a living culture, including content and methods, which is passed down from generation to generation. The blood of the inheritors is the carrier of culture.
Inheritance methods include family, mentoring, ethnic groups, groups, social inheritance and so on. If the inheritance stops, the intangible cultural heritage will become the witness of history, and sometimes it will disappear completely.
Therefore, without inheritors, there is no intangible cultural heritage. The focus of intangible cultural protection is the inheritor.
4. Buildings, sculptures, paintings, relics, inscriptions and other cultural relics of universal value from the perspective of history, art or science; Buildings or architectural groups with outstanding value in the combination of landscape and architectural style; From the perspective of history, aesthetics and race, objects with outstanding universal value or objects and projects jointly created by man and nature, such as the Forbidden City and Terracotta Warriors and Horses of Qin Shihuang, etc.
Historical and cultural heritage refers to cultural relics with certain historical significance, close relationship with human life and historical value, mainly including material and intangible cultural heritage. Cultural relics are the remains and relics left by human beings in the process of historical development.
All kinds of cultural relics reflect social activities, social relations, ideology, utilization and transformation of nature and ecological environment in different historical periods, and are valuable historical and cultural heritage of mankind. The protection, management and scientific research of cultural relics are of great significance to people's understanding of their own history and creativity, revealing the objective laws of human social development, and understanding and promoting the development of contemporary and future society.
Extended data:
How to protect China's excellent traditional history and culture (1) and strengthen theoretical research and necessary material and technical support for China's traditional culture. A nation or a country, whether responsible for history or the future, should maintain its own cultural characteristics and protect its cultural heritage.
Strengthen the research and arrangement of China traditional culture, absorb the essence from it and carry it forward; Discard dross and learn from history. For some precious traditional cultural materials, the state and relevant departments should give necessary material and technical support to enable researchers to continue their research.
(B) the material carrier to protect China's traditional culture. For some cultural carriers with traditional cultural significance, such as villages, temples, streets, inscriptions, ancient cities and other buildings, as well as some tangible material carriers of minority culture, such as costumes, utensils, farm tools, landscaping, sculptures and other works of art, all levels of * * * and relevant departments have strengthened protection.
(3) Reconstruct the value system of China traditional culture. Many decadent and backward elements in China's traditional culture have been difficult to meet the needs of Socialism with Chinese characteristics's modernization practice, and will inevitably be abandoned by the culture's own metabolism.
The inheritance and transformation of China's traditional culture should have a sense of the times facing modernization, the world and the future, and adhere to the principle of taking its essence and discarding its dross, making the past serve the present and making the west serve China. The universal cultural elements in China's traditional culture, such as benevolence, courtesy, wisdom, faithfulness, harmony is precious, universal love, Shang Xian and self-improvement, should be bravely carried forward, and efforts should be made to explore the concept of cultural re-innovation to adapt to modern development.
However, we should not blindly learn, absorb and digest the scientific spirit, democratic ideas, legal concepts and other civilized achievements contained in western culture, so as to make them China, become a natural part of China culture, and make the value system of China traditional culture more complete. (4) Broaden the communication channels of China traditional culture.