1, Qin
The Qin Dynasty (22 BC1-207 BC) was the first unified dynasty in the history of China, which was developed by the State of Qin during the Warring States Period. Fei Da, the ancestor of the Qin people, is a descendant of Zhuan Xu, the grandson of the Yellow Emperor, and was given the surname of Won. When he was in Qin Mugong, he was a wise man, coachable was modest, destroyed twelve countries, traveled thousands of miles, and became increasingly powerful.
36 1 year ago, Qin Xiaogong succeeded to the throne and reused Shang Yang's two political reforms, which made Qin's economy develop and the combat effectiveness of the army continuously strengthened, and developed into the most prosperous vassal state at the end of the Warring States Period.
In the first 247 years, Qin Shihuang ascended the throne. From 230 years ago to 22 1 year ago, it destroyed Korea, Zhao, Wei, Chu, Yan and Qi successively, and completed the great cause of reunifying China at the age of 39.
The Qin Dynasty ended the 500-year-old warlord regime since the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, and became the first centralized country with multi-ethnic integration in the history of China.
2. Western Jin Dynasty
The Western Jin Dynasty (AD 266-AD 3 16) is one of the unified dynasties in the history of China after the Three Kingdoms period, and it is also called the Jin Dynasty with the Eastern Jin Dynasty. Pass it on to the four emperors, and the country will be fifty-one years. If you start by destroying Wu Dong, you will only stand for 37 years. In order to distinguish it from the Eastern Jin Dynasty, the history is called the Western Jin Dynasty, and the two Jin Dynasties are also called Sima Jin. ?
At the end of the Three Kingdoms, Qiu, a general of Cao Wei, Sima Yi, a teacher, and Sima Shi, the second son, were all powerful ministers. In 265 AD, Sima Yan took the place of Cao Wei's regime and established a new regime. The founding country name is Jin, and its capital is Luoyang. After the Western Jin Dynasty replaced Wei Dynasty, the battle of Xiling occurred, and Sun Wu was destroyed in 280 AD, ending the division and reunification of the three countries.
3. Sui Dynasty
The Sui Dynasty (581-618 or 6 19) was a unified dynasty in the history of China. ?
In February of 58 1 year, Emperor Jingdi of the Northern Zhou Dynasty abdicated to Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty, and the Northern Zhou Dynasty perished. Yang established the title of "Sui" and made its capital Daxing (now Shaanxi An). In 589 AD, the Chen Dynasty perished in the south, and China was unified, ending nearly 300 years of division since the end of the Western Jin Dynasty.
In 605 AD, after Yang Di ascended the throne, Yuwen Kai was ordered to build Tokyo and moved the capital to Luoyang (now Luoyang, Henan) in the same year. During the reign of Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty, the people's livelihood was rich, the people lived and worked in peace and contentment, and the politics was clear, which created a prosperous situation of ruling the emperor.
During the reign of Yang Di in Sui Dynasty, the Grand Canal was built, but the excessive consumption of national strength led to the rebellion of the people and nobles at the end of Sui Dynasty. In 6 18, Yu Wenhuaji and others launched a mutiny and killed the emperor Yang Di. Emperor Yangdi You Yang abdicated and established the Tang Dynasty. In 6 19, Yang Dong, the king's emperor, was also abolished, and the Sui Dynasty perished, which lasted for 38 years.
4. Northern Song Dynasty
The Northern Song Dynasty (960- 1 127) is a dynasty after the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms in the history of China, and nine emperors enjoyed 167. Together with the Southern Song Dynasty, it is also called Song. Because the royal family is surnamed Zhao, it is also called Zhao.
In the seventh year of Xiande (960), the generals of the later Zhou Dynasty launched a mutiny in Chen Qiao, made Zhao Kuangyin emperor, established the Song Dynasty, made Kaifeng Prefecture in Tokyo its capital, and changed it to Stegosaurus.
During the reign of Zhao Kuangyin, according to Prime Minister Zhao Pu's strategy of "South first, then North, first easy and then difficult", he devoted himself to unifying the whole country, and successively eliminated the southern separatist regimes such as Jingnan, Wuping, Houshu, Nanhan and Nantang, and completed the unification of most parts of the country.
Later, the military power was released through a glass of wine, and the general power and financial power were concentrated in the central government, avoiding the chaotic situation of the separatist regime in the middle and late Tang Dynasty. But it also led to the defeat of the Song Dynasty in the war with Liao, Xixia and Jin. In the first year of Jingkang (1 126), the disaster of Jingkang occurred, and the following year was destroyed by the state of Jin.
Extended data:
Emperor who completed reunification:
1, Qin Shihuang
Qin Shihuang (259 BC-265438 BC+00 BC) surnamed Zhao, also known as (Zheng) and, or Zulong, was the son of Wang Xiang of Qin Zhuang.
China is a famous politician, strategist and reformer in history, an iron-fisted politician who unified China, and the first monarch in China to be called the emperor.
Qin Shihuang was born in Handan (now Handan), the capital of Zhao State, and spent his youth here. In the first 247 years, 13 was king. 238 years ago, when I was 22 years old, I held the coronation ceremony of the monarch in Yongcheng, the old capital, and began to "manage state affairs personally", getting rid of Lv Buwei, Lao Ai and others, and reusing Lisi and Liao Wei.
From 230 to 22 1 year, Korea, Zhao, Wei, Chu, Yan and Qi were destroyed successively. At the age of 39, he completed the great cause of reunifying China, established a powerful centralized country with the Han nationality as the main body, and laid the territory of China.
Qin Shihuang thought his contribution was better than that of the previous Three Emperors and Five Emperors, and adopted the titles of "Emperor" and "Emperor" of Huang San. He was the first monarch to use the title of "Emperor" in the history of China, so he called himself "the first emperor".
At the same time, the central government implements three public officials and nine ministers to manage state affairs. The enfeoffment system was abolished at the local level and replaced by the county system. At the same time, books are written in the same language and cars are on the same track. Unified measurement. Attacking Xiongnu in the north, conquering Baiyue in the south, building the Great Wall of Wan Li, building Lingqu and connecting the water system.
However, in the later period, seeking immortals, entrapping the people and killing their wisdom shook the ruling foundation of the Qin Dynasty. 2 10 years ago, Qin Shihuang died in Xingtai sand dune on his way eastward.
2. Sima Yan
Sima Yan (236~290) was born in Wenxian County, Hanoi (now Wenxian County, Henan Province). The founding emperor of Jin Dynasty (reigned from 265 to 290), the grandson of Sima Yi, the nephew of Sima Shi, the eldest son and stepfather of Jin Emperor Si Mazhao, and his mother was Wang Yuanji, the civilized queen.
At the beginning, it was sealed in Beiping Pavilion with the honor of my father. Welcome by Cao Huan, Duke of Long Island, he moved to Zhongfu County and became the mayor of Xinchang Township. He was honored as General Fujun and Prince of Jin. In the second year of Xian Di (265), he became prime minister and attacked the king of Jin.
Cao Huan, the Emperor of Wei Yuan, was forced to meditate, and the Jin Dynasty was established, with Luoyang as its capital. Innovating politics, revitalizing the economy, practicing frugality, implementing the rule of law, promulgating the household model (including the farmland occupation system, household modulation system and the accumulation of officials occupying farmland), the population increased, and the whole society showed a prosperous scene, which was called "the rule of Taikang" in history.
In the fifth year of Xianning (279), Du Yu was ordered to launch the "Battle of Jin and Wu" to realize national reunification. Since then, arrogance and extravagance, laziness in politics, and enfeoffment of kings have laid a hidden danger for the chaos of the eight kings.
In the first year of Taixi (16, May 290), he died at the age of 55 and was buried in Yu Ling, Emperor posthumous title.
3. Emperor Wendi Sui
Sui Wendi Sui Wendi (2 1, 54 1- 13, August 604) was born in Huayin, Hongnong County (now huayin city, Shaanxi Province). Yang Zhen, the 14th grandson of Han Taiwei, the founding emperor of Sui Dynasty, reigned from Kaiyuan (58 1) to Renshou (604). Xianbei fine print, Xianbei surname Pu Liuru, returned to Yang after Emperor Wendi came to power. ?
His father, Yang Zhong, was a military aristocrat in the Western Wei and Northern Zhou Dynasties. When Emperor Wudi of the Northern Zhou Dynasty became a vassal, Emperor Wendi of the Sui Dynasty inherited his father's title. When he succeeded to the throne in the Northern Zhou Dynasty, Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty was the pillar of the country and Fu was the foundation of the country. He looked forward to a prosperous future.
In the first year of Dading in Northern Zhou Dynasty (58 1), Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty was abdicated as emperor by Jing Di of Northern Zhou Dynasty, and he was restored as emperor. After Emperor Wendi ascended the throne, he carried out a series of reforms in the political and economic systems. Amend the criminal law and system to adapt to China after the reunification of North and South.
The central government implemented the system of three provinces and six departments, and the three-level system of local counties was changed to the two-level system of counties, which consolidated centralization. Reduce taxes many times, reduce the burden on the people, promote national agricultural production and stabilize economic development.
In the ninth year (589), the King of Jin was sent south to pacify Chen and unify the north and south. Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty adopted the policy of military defense and political appeal to the surrounding ethnic groups, which effectively handled ethnic contradictions and was honored as "holy Khan" by the northern ethnic minorities. During the reign of the emperor, the Sui Dynasty had a vast territory with a population of more than 7 million.
Emperor Wen was in office for twenty-four years, determined to reform and made outstanding achievements. However, in the later period of his reign, he gradually became suspicious, killed heroes and listened to the words of the Queen Wen. He deposed his eldest son, Yong Yang, and made Yang Guang, the king of Jin, a prince, which laid the groundwork for national subjugation. Renshou died in Renshou Palace in 604. Sixty-four-year-old, temple name Gaozu, posthumous title Wendi, was buried in Tailing.
4. Zhao Kuangyin
Zhao Kuangyin (March 2, 9271-June165438+1October14,976) was named as Yuen Long, and its nickname was Xiang Haier and Zhao Jiuzhong. Zhuo Jun was born in Jiamaying, Luoyang City (now Dongguan, Chanhe District, Luoyang City, Henan Province).
Military strategist and martial artist from the Five Dynasties to the early years of the Northern Song Dynasty, and the founding emperor of the Song Dynasty (reigned on February 4, 960-976 165438+ 10/4). The second son of Zhao (Song Xuanzu), the garrison commander of the capital of the Zhou Dynasty, was Du (Queen Zhao Xian).
In the later Han Dynasty, Zhao Kuangyin defected to Guo Wei, the envoy of the Tang Dynasty. He was highly valued by post-Zhou Shizong Chai Rong, and made many meritorious military achievements when he conquered the Southern Tang Dynasty. When Chai Rong was seriously ill, he was appointed as the inspector in front of the temple, in charge of the imperial guards in front of the temple.
In the seventh year of Xiande (960), he was ordered to resist the Northern Han and Qidan allied forces. Then he proclaimed himself emperor in the "Chen Qiao mutiny" and returned to Beijing to persecute Emperor Gong of the Later Zhou Dynasty. In the same year, Zhao Kuangyin became emperor, renamed Stegosaurus, with the title of Song, which was called Song and Northern Song in history.
He twice "lifted the ban on military power with a glass of wine", stopped the military power of forbidden generals and local buffer regions, and solved the situation that local foot soldiers were self-sufficient since the mid-Tang Dynasty. In addition, a "sealed warehouse" was established to store money, silk and cloth, with a view to redeeming the sixteen counties presented to Qidan by Shi Jingtang, the last emperor of the Jin Dynasty.
In the ninth year of Kaibao (976), Zhao Kuangyin died at the age of 50. In the 16th year of his reign, posthumous title was buried in Yongchang Mausoleum.
Baidu Encyclopedia-Qin Dynasty
Baidu Encyclopedia-Western Jin Dynasty
Baidu Encyclopedia-Sui Dynasty
Baidu Encyclopedia-Northern Song Dynasty
Baidu Encyclopedia-Zhao Kuangyin
Baidu Encyclopedia-Sui Wendi
Baidu Encyclopedia-Sima Yan
Baidu encyclopedia-Qin Shihuang