Ge kiln is the only palace kiln in history, and it is a rare treasure in the palace porcelain making process in the Northern Song Dynasty. It is one of the five famous kilns in the Song Dynasty recorded in the Ming Dynasty document [1], and it is the only unique product in the world. Three-color Ge-washing kiln for peony in Northern Song Dynasty.

This Geyao, a rare and mysterious classical work, is like the reappearance of "the real dragon emperor" in the narrow world of Geyao porcelain.

The literature about Ge Kiln can be seen in the Ming Dynasty's Xuande Ding Puyi [2]: "The firewood, Ru, Guan, Ge, Jun and Ding Kiln in the inner storehouse …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… So later generations only listed five famous kilns, namely Guan, Ge, Ru, Ding and Jun kilns.

As one of the five famous kilns, with the continuous discovery of documents and the continuous enrichment of archaeological materials, the understanding of Ge Kiln is gradually clear.

However; Due to the lack of contemporary literature, and the later literature is often fragmented, fragmented and somewhat contradictory, it is still impossible to unveil the veil and present its true face.

Although the archaeological materials related to Ge Yao have been increasing for decades, and some unresolved problems have been solved based on these materials, after the surprise, people suddenly look back and find that these materials and conclusions drawn from them often do not correspond to the literature description, and some even run counter to it.

Therefore, the problem of Ge Yao is still foggy.

Ge kiln is like a colorful night pearl. People can only look at its dazzling aura from a distance, but they can't witness its true elegance.

The words related to Ge Kiln were first seen in "Zhi San" written by Kong Qi in the 23rd year of Yuan Dynasty (1363): "When B went to Hangzhou before the winter, the city brothers collapsed and the incense tripod collapsed. Although the quality is good and new, its color is as bright as the old one, and everyone who knows it hesitates.

Recently, I met Wang Deweng Yiyun in Jingxi. Ge Kiln is unique among the ancient official kilns, so it is necessary to distinguish it carefully. It is generally believed that the Gege caves and Gege kilns referred to here are lattice kilns, and the "unique ancient official kiln" also conforms to the characteristics of lattice kilns described in later documents.

Later, in the Ming Dynasty, Xuan Deding said, "The horseshoe furnace where the lion's head is worshipped by the God of Mazu is modeled after a kiln, and its height is five inches and six cents ..." The article mentioned "Song Ge kiln style" in many places, and it is logical that Ge kiln is considered as a famous kiln in the Song Dynasty.

Today, the earliest document that really talks about Ge Kiln is Shen Lu's Essays on Spring Breeze Hall in Ming Dynasty: "Ge Kiln is always broken, but its number is broken.

There were a pair of brothers in Song Dynasty. They were Hesheng. They were both country people. They are the owners of Longquan Liu Tian Kiln, and they gave birth to two pure pottery as beautiful jade, which are as expensive as the official kilns. The person who gave birth to a pottery is lighter in color, so it is named Ge Kiln. Shen Lu, a Shanghainese, was a scholar in the 18th year of Hongzhi and died in the 23rd year of Jiajing (1545).

This paper makes it clear that Ge kiln was fired in Liutian, Longquan, and now it is a big kiln, which is the central producing area of Longquan kiln.

However, in the 19th year of Wanli in Ming Dynasty (159 1), Gao Lian's Eight Chapters of Respect for Life [4] was different: "It is not easy to make all kinds of kilns with the same levy as the official kilns. For example, the so-called official kiln was burned in the Song Dynasty and built by the government. The kiln is in Phoenix, Hangzhou.

The hidden thread of the official kiln is like crab claws, and the hidden thread of the Ge kiln is like roe, but the juice is not as good as that of the official kiln ... ",this article" The Earth is Here "defines the origin of the Ge kiln as Hangzhou.

These two views are the most typical "origin theory" about Geyao in Ming literature.

During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, there were more and more documents about Ge Yao, but most of them were the products of copying and explaining the previous works by following the theories of Essays in Chunfengtang and Eight Records of Respecting Life.

And the description of the characteristics of Ge kiln utensils is becoming more and more specific and clear.

Based on various literatures, the characteristics of Ge kiln are: the tire color is black and brown, the glaze layer is cracked, and the glaze color is mostly pink or grayish green.

Because the tire color is dark, the glaze juice is poured along the mouth of the utensil at high temperature, and the tire color is hidden, so it is called mouth purple iron; The glaze layer is thick and thin, and the thin one is called "100 pieces of garbage".

According to the clues provided by the literature, people found kiln sites for producing similar artifacts in Dayao and Xikou, Longquan, Zhejiang Province.

Its products are black tires, the glaze color is mainly powder gray and blue, and the monochromatic lines should be caused by embedding lines and fired with cake pads.

The above characteristics and firing age are completely consistent with the literature.

At this point, the Ge kiln among the five famous kilns in the Song Dynasty has become a conclusion. They were fired in the middle and late Southern Song Dynasty and originated in Longquan, Zhejiang.

However, it didn't take long for people to find an artifact that was consistent with the characteristics of the Ge kiln, but different from the Ge kiln produced in Longquan.

This kind of utensils are also black tires, purple mouths and iron feet, but their glaze color is mostly fried rice yellow and gray blue; The grain is black and yellow, commonly known as "golden thread"; When Zhi Ding is used for combustion, the types of containers are also different.

Because this kind of cultural relics are only collected in the Palace Museum, Shanghai Museum and Taiwan Palace Museum. , not found in the tomb, so it is called "handed down Ge Kiln" and Longquan is called "Longquan Ge Kiln".

Since the 1990s, people have made in-depth research on the handed down Ge Kiln, but because the kiln site of the handed down Ge Kiln is nowhere to be found, it is difficult to determine its nature and age.

One view is that the Ge kiln handed down from generation to generation should be the official kiln of the Southern Song Dynasty.

The reason is that, according to the understanding described in Gu Zhi's Negative Xuan Zalu in the Southern Song Dynasty, the product quality of Xiuneisi official kiln is better than that of Jiaotanxia official kiln, but Xiuneisi official kiln has disappeared so far, let alone knowing its product characteristics, and the existing physical materials are only passed down from generation to generation.