Myth is the literary style of human childhood and the oldest thinking form of human beings. It can only be produced in the early stage of the development of human history, in an era when human beings can't scientifically explain external phenomena. Marx pointed out that myth is a natural and social form itself processed by people's fantasy in an unconscious artistic way.
Greek mythology is the earliest oral creation of people in Europe, which came into being between12nd century BC and 8th century BC. It has been handed down from generation to generation by the ancient Greeks for hundreds of years, and it has been continuously processed and preserved in various literary, historical and philosophical works.
Greek mythology includes stories of gods and legends of heroes. The story of God involves the origin of the universe and mankind, the appearance of God and its pedigree. According to legend, there were xx gods in ancient Greece: Zeus, the Lord of the gods, his wives Hera and Poseidon, Athena, the goddess of wisdom, Apollo, the goddess of hunting and the moon, Aphrodite, the god of love and beauty, Ares, Hermes, Demeter and Hestia, the gods of Vulcan and craftsman hephaestus. They are in charge of all kinds of phenomena and things in nature and life, forming the olimp God system centered on Zeus and the olimp God system centered on Zeus.
The legend of heroes originated from the worship of ancestors, and was an artistic review of ancient history and the struggle with nature by the ancient Greeks. Most of these legendary heroes are descendants of the man of God, who are demigods and demigods. They have extraordinary physical strength and courage, which embodies the heroic spirit and tenacious will of human beings to conquer nature and becomes the embodiment of the collective strength and wisdom of ancient people. The most famous legends are Heracles's Twelve Achievements and Jason's golden fleece.
In Greek mythology, God and man are similar. Some people are physically beautiful, others are secular, know the joys and sorrows, and participate in people's activities. The only difference between God and man is that the former lives forever and has no period of death; The latter's life is limited, birth and death. The gods in Greek mythology have distinct personalities, no asceticism and little mysticism. Therefore, Greek mythology is not only the soil of Greek literature, but also has a far-reaching influence on later European literature.
In Greek mythology, everything begins with chaos. . .
The following are the twelve gods in Greek mythology:
greek mythology
(1) Zeus:
Zeus was the son of Cronus, the god of the gods in charge of the sky. The supreme god in Greek mythology, who mastered lightning, is also known as Thor. With the support of his mother Leia, he killed his father Cronus and became the third generation God King. He is extremely lewd, often cheating on his wife Hera with other goddesses and mortals, and there are countless illegitimate children.
The symbols of Zeus are eagle, oak and mountain peak; His favorite sacrifices are a female goat and a white cow with Jinjiao.
Development history
When Zeus was born, his father Cronus was in power, and his mother Rhea was afraid that Zeus would be swallowed up by his father. Note: For some reason, Cronus couldn't keep his child alive, so he hid him in Crete and was raised by three female fairies-on the island, a goat provided him with holy milk and an eagle brought him fairy wine; Whenever he cried, Rhea's servants went to the cradle to dance for Zeus and beat the bronze shield with daggers to cover up his crying, so Cronus never discovered the secret.
Zeus thrived on the island day by day. One day, while playing with a female goat, he accidentally pushed her down and broke a beautiful horn. Fairy Amar Teia soon healed her wound. Zeus picked up the horn, endowed it with magical power and dedicated it to the kind fairy. The horn of this ram has been called "the horn of abundance" since then, because it can produce all kinds of delicious food.
When Zeus came of age, he cheated five brothers and sisters swallowed by his father, joined hands with Cronus, and finally ascended the throne.
(2) Hera:
Hera is the daughter of Cronus, the sister and wife of Zeus; She is in charge of marriage and childbirth and is the patron saint of women; Hera is elegant in temperament, beautiful in appearance and faithful to her partner. She is a well-deserved diva, but her jealousy is also world-famous. Therefore, Hera and Zeus often have fierce quarrels, but usually Zeus's sweet words can always make them reconciled.
The symbol of Hera is peacock, because this bird with colorful feathers and stars symbolizes the beautiful and spectacular night sky, and the sky is Hera's radiant face.
③ Poseidon:
Seafood, the second brother of Zeus, holds a huge trident and commands all creatures in the sea. Described as half man and half fish, it can call the shots. Violent and cruel.
Horses and cows are sacred to him.
④ Hades:
Zeus, Poseidon, Demeter's brother, was in charge of the underworld. He is very strong, but very peaceful. There is nothing wrong with it except taking Posephone, the daughter of Demeter, the goddess of harvest, as his wife.
Favorite black, favorite sacrifice is black ewe or black bull wrapped in black gauze.
Introduction to Hades
When people die, Hermes, the guiding god, will take them to the underworld. Here, a big black river, Akron River, is surging. The river blocked the way forward, and only the bearded boatman Caron could ferry the dead to the other side. However, the undead must pay a certain fee to get on the boat, otherwise they will wander on the painful river and find no home.
After crossing the river is a vast gray plain, known as the pastoral of truth. There are two roads connected here, one leads to Elysee, a paradise of happiness, and the other to hell of pain. The undead were tried by Minos, Radaman Das and Arcos, three judges of the underworld, on the judgment platform in front of the Garden of Truth. Guilty people will be punished differently in hell according to their crimes, while those innocent people will be able to live a happy life in the beautiful and peaceful Elysee paradise.
Between heaven and hell in the Elysee Palace, there is a magnificent palace, which is the residence of Hades and Persephone in the afterlife.
(5) Hestia, Kitchen God:
She is the sister of Zeus who is in charge of everyone's family affairs. One of the three virgins. In Greek mythology, there is no obvious personality. She is a chaste virgin goddess.
(6) ares:
The god of war is a cruel, cunning and irrational god who fights for war. I once had an affair with Aphrodite, the wife of the craftsman god of love and beauty, and was caught in a special net made by the craftsman god. Venus was originally a Roman god and was later absorbed by Greek mythology. )
Vultures are his god birds, and pets are dogs.
(7) Athena, goddess of wisdom:
Sivir, the goddess of wisdom and justice, is the daughter of Zeus and the female Titan Medea. She is the goddess of wisdom and peace (or Sivir). She is brave, strong, kind and kind, but sometimes she is a little narrow-minded and doesn't want others to be better than her. When she was born, Zeus suffered from a severe headache. Athena split it with a big axe and jumped out with a pike in her hand and armor on. Is a very popular god. She changed her name to Pallas Athena for accidentally killing her friend pallas.
Owls with bright eyes at night, as well as cocks and poisonous snakes, are symbols of Athena, the goddess with bright eyes.
(8) Hermes (God of Peeping):
Son of Zeus and Maya, daughter of Atlas. Winged feet fly quickly, becoming messengers of the gods in the sky, then protectors of travelers, businessmen and thieves, and often protectors of mortals. It is the cleverest and most cunning god.
He is agile and elegant, wearing winged sandals, wearing a low-crowned hat with wings, and holding a magic circle coiled by two snakes.
(9) Vulcan hephaestus:
Son of Zeus and Hera. Long and ugly, full of slopes, is a great failure of the beautiful gods! Although she is ugly, she is gentle and loves peace, and is very popular with people in heaven.
(10) Apollo:
Sun God, son of Zeus and Leto, brother of themis, moon god and goddess of hunting, one of the xx gods in Greek mythology, also called Helius. In charge of lighting, medicine, literature, poetry and music. Every day, the golden car driven by Tianma travels in the sky for one week.
The laurel is his sacred tree, and his favorite pets are dolphins and crows.
(1 1) Aphrodite, the god of love and beauty;
Daughter of Cupid, Zeus and Dione. Her sweet words can fool all gods and people. She loves to laugh and has infinite charm, and smart people will lose their sense of proportion.
Myrtle is her sacred tree, and pigeons are her favorite birds. Swan and sparrow are also very popular.
Themis, goddess of the moon:
Themis is the twin sister of Apollo and one of the three virgins. Luna, goddess of hunting, god of purity. So it is also called the patron saint of virgins. She is the owner of wild animals and the main hunter of the sacred world. As a three-body goddess, she is Xilong in the air, Artemis on the ground, and Heikati in the underworld and the dark world.
Cypress is her sacred tree, and deer is her favorite pet.