Not only the Kuzi Rolling Stone Site was discovered, but also many exciting achievements were made in Xinjiang cultural relics archaeology on 20 18, which solved some long-standing unresolved problems, provided clear evidence for many archaeological mysteries and attracted people's attention.
65438+ 10/2 1 22, the 20 18 Xinjiang Cultural Relics and Archaeological Achievements Reporting Conference hosted by Xinjiang Cultural Relics Bureau and undertaken by Xinjiang Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology was frequently reported. Business representatives, experts and scholars from China Academy of Sciences, China Academy of Social Sciences, Peking University, Northwest University, China Renmin University and many other scientific research institutes and cultural institutions have made their research findings in the past year public.
Wang Weidong, director of Xinjiang Cultural Relics Bureau, said that the reason for such a good situation is that 20 18 is the first year of the full implementation of Xinjiang Archaeological Work Plan (20 18-2022). National Cultural Heritage Administration strengthens national leadership, serves the overall situation of Xinjiang, works from the height of reconstructing the spiritual identity and cultural identity of the Chinese nation and civilization, sets up the subject consciousness, and carries out multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary cooperation. With the original archaeological discoveries, with the display and interpretation of cultural relics, we will unite people's hearts and make due contributions to the prosperity and development of Xinjiang's cultural construction through solid, rigorous and continuous work.
In 20 18, Xinjiang * * * implemented the 1 1 active archaeological project, cooperated with the 13 infrastructure archaeological project, and excavated a total site area of 15550 square meters, excavated 570 tombs and unearthed nearly 5,500 cultural relics, with fruitful results.
The prehistoric archaeological work in Xinjiang includes site excavation and tomb excavation. The work area is concentrated in the first line of Tianshan Mountain and the western and northern edges. It started in the Paleolithic Age, inherited from the Bronze Age, and went down to the early Iron Age to the Han Dynasty, which is of great significance for perfecting the temporal and spatial framework of local archaeological culture and discussing population migration, cultural exchanges between the East and the West, agricultural and animal husbandry transformation, settlement patterns and so on.
Yu Jianjun Research Librarian, who is in charge of the archaeology of Tongtiandong site in Jimunai County, said that the discovery of paleolithic-bronze-stone-bronze-early iron age continuous strata in Tongtiandong site is of great value for establishing the sequence of regional cultural development. 45,000 years ago, a large number of typical stone products of Levalova-Moster culture were unearthed in the Paleolithic strata, which filled the gap that China lacked typical Moster culture types in the middle of the Paleolithic period. The skeletal fossils of grassland dwellers and the clear remains of many fire pits show that the ancient inhabitants of Tian Tong caves were hunters in a cold and arid environment. In addition, carbonized wheat from 3500 to 5200 years ago was obtained by flotation in the late stratum accumulation, which is of great significance for studying the livelihood of early social groups and the history of agricultural transportation and communication in China.
The site of Adunqiaolu and the site of justa are two important early bronze age sites in the Bortala River basin. The site of justa is not later than 3600 years ago. The alluvial fan large-scale combined residence consists of a rectangular main building, a front room, a west room, a courtyard and a courtyard wall, covering an area of more than 5,000 square meters. Sacrificial pits for human bones, pottery, bronzes and other relics were found in the southwest corner of the central main building. Bronzes are mostly tin bronze, and the stable copper-tin ratio shows that they are locally cast. Two complete horse skulls were found on the ground of residential houses excavated in Heishantou, which, together with the horse bones unearthed from the site of Adunqiao Road, provided material data for solving the problem of the origin of horse breeding in China.
Ruan Qiurong, a research librarian in charge of the archaeological project of Taigoukou site in Jiren, Yili River Valley, said that they cleared more than 220 remains in the site, including house sites, kiln sites, tombs, fire pits, ash pits, smelting sites and coal piles, and newly confirmed a large stone high-rise remains seen in prehistoric times in Xinjiang, which became a large central settlement site together with surrounding house sites and tombs. This site is divided into three phases, which just reflects the transformation process of people's livelihood from animal husbandry to nomadic economy in the western Tianshan area, and is of great significance to the related research of Eurasian grassland. The verification of metallurgical relics and copper casting activities, and the discovery of iron nuggets and iron slag are of great value to the prehistoric metallurgical archaeological research in Xinjiang and even Central Asia. The discovery of coal combustion has pushed forward the history of human coal use for thousands of years. The carbonized millet grains, barley grains and wheat grains found in the ruins of Wu provide a new perspective for revealing the east-west exchange of early crops.
More than 600 tombs have been excavated in Baiyang River Valley of fukang city, dating from the late Bronze Age to the Tang Dynasty, and the ruins of the early Iron Age broken by tombs have been discovered, which is of great significance to the construction of archaeological and cultural pedigree at the northern foot of Bogda Mountain. The unearthed gold ornaments are similar to the Cheshi aristocratic cemetery in Jiaohegou 1 Turpan, which is of great value to explore the great role of Tianshan Corridor in connecting the north and the south and the funeral customs of the aristocratic class in the middle Han Dynasty.
20 18 Archaeology in the historical period is dominated by urban archaeology and religious archaeology. Luntai county Kuiyuke Xiehai Ancient City and Zhuoerkute Ancient City, Kuqa County Qiuci Ancient City, Tashkurgan County Shicheng, Kashi City Hanuoyi Ancient City, Qitai County Shichengzi and Tang Dynasty Dun Ancient City, Jimsar County Beiting Ancient City, Bole City Daleite Ancient City, Shanshan County Tuyugou Grottoes, Qiqi County Lailileke Site and other archaeological excavations have yielded fruitful results. Archaeological investigation or exploration of Xianshuiquan ancient city in Yuli county, beacon tower in Urumqi and southern Xinjiang, and old and new ancient city sites in Huiyuan county of Huocheng county have also updated their previous understanding. In addition, Han and Jin tombs were found in Yeshikeke No.4 tomb group in Gong Liu county, and the preliminary archaeological achievements in the historical period of Tang tombs were found in the tombs along G2 19 national road in Jimunai county, Dabaiyanggou cemetery in Yiwu county, the tombs in the upper reaches of Baiyang River, the tombs in the middle and lower reaches of Baiyang River, the tombs in Sigonghe River, the tombs in Huangshan River, Shihuyao, the tombs in Kapsa Lang No.4 and Abu santell, in order to demonstrate the effectiveness of the central dynasty to the western regions.
Ai Tao, who is in charge of the archaeological excavation of Shitou Town, said that the new discovery has made the water supply system of Shitou Town traceable, the structure of the urn city gradually became clear, the layout of the house site became clearer, and the Buddhist temple remains were abundant. It is particularly important to clean and dissect the city walls and horse faces in different places, which not only reveals their different construction methods and historical evolution, but also shows that Shicheng is composed of three sub-cities, namely, outer city, inner city and inner city, which stand in the east, west, north and south respectively, breaking through the previous cognition that Shicheng is only composed of outer city and inner city. Its north sub-city should be the location of Miyagi, the Kupantuo country in Han and Tang Dynasties.
According to the preliminary investigation of the ancient city of Hanoy, the abandoned time of the city site was not earlier than 10 century. According to the literature, archaeologists deny that this is the city of Karahan.
Li Wenying, deputy director of Xinjiang Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology, said that in 20 18 years, due to the participation of many scientific and technological archaeology and multi-disciplines, some things that people didn't know in the past had a clearer face, which made people better understand the historical development track of Xinjiang. This is also an important point that attracts people's attention in Xinjiang cultural relics archaeology in the past year.
Guangming Daily (20 19 065438+23 09 10 edition)