First of all, before Liu Chan surrendered, although many people described the future of Shu Han as very beautiful, such as Jiang Wei's main army struggling to resist at the front, there were many generals with troops in the south, and many cities in the rear did not surrender, but the problem is that no one can change two basic facts:
First, Deng Ai forced Ma Miao to surrender in Jiangyou, then defeated Zhuge Liang's son (Zhuge Zhan) and Zhang Fei's grandson (Zhang Zun) in Mianzhu, and then went all out to capture Luoxian County (now Guanghanbei, Sichuan), and could reach Chengdu at any time.
Second, Zhong Hui first killed Fu Qian in Hanzhong and forced Jiang Shu to surrender. Then, while Jiang Wei gave up the opportunity of Jiange's defense, he led his troops into central Sichuan. ?
Turning to China's history books, it is almost certain that the troops of the Central Plains Dynasty will conquer Shu as long as they enter Sichuan, without any accident. And in general, as long as the troops of the Central Plains Dynasty enter Sichuan, it has almost become a traditional habit for Sichuan soldiers and civilians to surrender without fighting.
Therefore, it is no exaggeration to say that under the background at that time, even if Zhuge Liang was near-re-embodiment, I am afraid he could only do thirty-six tricks.
In fact, within the Shu-Han government at that time, there were probably five options:
First, go east to Sun Quan; The second is to go south to Yunnan, Guizhou and other wild places, and continue to fight with Wei Jun by virtue of the natural barrier in the south; Third, do hopeless resistance, in short, rather die than surrender; Fourth, make up your mind to mobilize all the remaining forces and stick to Wei Jun who defeated Wargo and Zhong Hui in Chengdu; The fifth is to surrender directly. ?
Judging from the situation at that time, the defeat of Shu Han was decided by most people, so few people were in favor of the fourth plan. Therefore, in the court of Shu and Han at that time, Liu Chan and his ministers mainly considered where to flee. Or choose to surrender? Or make a fearless resistance. ?
First of all, if you choose to go to Soochow, it means that you may face another surrender in the future. Because, after Cao Wei destroyed Shu Han, Wu Dong lost the natural barrier of the Yangtze River, because Cao Wei could launch a national war against Wu Dong from the upper reaches of the Yangtze River.
More importantly, after the demise of Shu Han, Dongwu fought against the world in the southeast corner, which opened the history of China, so there were no successful cases.
In this context, Liu Chan defected to Wu Dong. Looking for another humiliation is nothing? Therefore, instead of going to Wu Dong, it is better to surrender to Cao Wei directly.
As for going south to ethnic minority areas, continuing to resist Wei Jun is also a typical death wish.
Because the central government, represented by Liu Chan, moved to a wild place like Yunnan and Guizhou, and fought a protracted war with Wei Jun, it would inevitably increase the burden on the local indigenous people. Because, Liu Chan and his officials need food, clothing, housing and transportation, not to mention maintaining a huge military expenditure, which requires money, which also requires heavy taxes from local aborigines, which will inevitably cause dissatisfaction among local aborigines.
What's more, the Shu-Han government has always lacked strong control over the Yunnan-Guizhou area, where the indigenous people have their own armed forces. In this context, if Liu Chan really goes to the south to fight a protracted war, the final result will only be betrayed by the local indigenous people.
In other words, in the end, everyone will unite to arrest Liu Chan and others and hand them over to Cao Wei. In any case, for these indigenous people, whether it is the rule of Cao Wei or the rule of Shu Han, they must rely on them to govern this area and respect their vested interests.
In this case, why did they drag themselves into the abyss of war for Liu Chan and others? This is obviously not cost-effective!
As for sitting next to the keyboard, I believe many people will be heroic. In a word, they would rather die than surrender. Even if they die, Wargo and Zhong will pay a great price. But the problem is, if you put yourself in real interests, I'm afraid it's another matter.
In other words, if you are one of the soldiers defending Chengdu, or one of the people in Chengdu, do you want Liu Chan to surrender voluntarily or treat you as cannon fodder to realize your dream?
In this sense, at that time, not only Liu Chan and other upper-class people would think about their own future, but also many soldiers, civilians, generals and other middle and lower-class people in Sichuan would think about their own future.
For them, if they continue to resist, they will see hope. Perhaps under the call of Liu Chan and others, everyone will fight to the death; The question is, if the result of continued resistance is death, then what is the point of such resistance? Leave a good reputation of preferring death to surrender? The problem is that as a loser, it is often defined as stubbornness by history books.
In this case, how strong will most soldiers and civilians in Shu Han be? The answer is obviously not optimistic. In this way, even if Liu Chan chooses to die rather than surrender, the final result may be that others secretly open the gate and put Wargo's army into the city. If this is the result, what did Liu Chan do? Therefore, under the circumstances at that time, Liu Chan chose to surrender, which is obviously the wisest choice!