Hadapu, as an important node of the Long March, the three main forces of the Red Army, the Second Army and the Fourth Army passed through the Long March. The Red Army made decisions here, supplemented supplies, reorganized its troops, promulgated and implemented ethnic policies, and launched the Cheng Hui and Kangkang campaigns, which left a glorious page in the revolutionary history of China, with an important and special historical position.
Wise decision and guidance-
Hadapu is an important "decision-making place" for the Red Army to settle in Shaanxi and Gansu.
1934 10 Due to the failure of the fifth counter-campaign against "encirclement and suppression", the Central Committee and the Central Red Army left the Central Soviet Area and began a strategic shift to find and create new base areas. On the way to the Long March, all the way through the crazy pursuit and interception of the Kuomintang army, in order to get rid of the enemy and save itself, the foothold of the Red Army was repeatedly adjusted due to the constant changes of the enemy situation and the international and domestic situation, and where to "settle down" became a major issue related to the life and death of the Red Army. At the Russian border meeting, it was decided to establish a base near the Soviet Union and then develop eastward. When we arrived at Hadapu, the Red Army got new news in the newspaper. After analyzing and judging, the central leaders changed the decision made at the Russian border meeting in time. Comrade Mao Zedong decisively proposed to March into the Shaanxi-Gansu revolutionary base area.
Knowing that the Red Army was in Shaanxi but Gansu, Zhang Wentian, the head of the Central Committee, wrote about the developing revolutionary movement in the Shaanxi-Gansu Soviet Area, and Bo Gu wrote about the development of the movement in the Shaanxi-Gansu Soviet Area and the tasks of our detachment. The two articles discussed the revolutionary situation along the Shaanxi-Gansu border and the great significance of staying in Shaanxi-Gansu. In addition, Peng Jialun, then the head of the propaganda section of the first column of the Shaanxi-Gansu detachment, wrote the song "Going to Northern Shaanxi" overnight, and the author noted that "Peng Jialun wrote it in Hadapu". On September 23, the CPC Central Committee led the Shaanxi-Gansu detachment to leave Hadapu and successfully broke through the Weihe River defense line and arrived in Bangluo Town. 27, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China held a Politburo Standing Committee here. At this meeting, the central government officially decided to settle in the Shaanxi-Gansu revolutionary base area and take it as the revolutionary base camp of China.
At Hadapu, the CPC Central Committee put forward the new direction of the Red Army's Long March. At this point, the Red Army's Long March started from Hadapu and embarked on a journey to the Shaanxi-Gansu revolutionary base. This is a landmark decision on the Long March of the Red Army, which played an important role in promoting the climax of the national anti-Japanese movement.
After the three armies, they all laughed-
Hadapu is an important "supply ground" on the way of the Red Army's Long March.
Before the Long March arrived in Hadapu, it faced the severe test of harsh natural conditions, and the Red Army was in difficulties and hardships every day. In the cold and hunger, it crossed the snowy mountain grassland, broke through the natural barrier Lazikou, and came to Hadapu, where it was replenished, which ushered in the dawn for the exhausted Red Army soldiers.
Hadapu is prosperous and cheap. Five oceans can buy 1 pig, two oceans can buy 1 sheep, and there are hundreds of tons of rice, white flour and more than 2,000 kilograms of salt left by the remnants of Lu Dachang when they fled. In order to restore physical strength, the General Political Department of the Red Army issued the order that "everyone should eat well", and everyone in the whole army took out 1 yuan to improve food. All units slaughtered pigs and sheep, bought chickens and eggs, and had a big meal. At the same time, the General Political Department also issued an order requiring all units to invite people around the station to have dinner to further deepen their feelings and ties with the people. Hadapu provided sufficient materials for the Red Army's Long March with its relatively prosperous business and rich products.
In addition to material supply, Mao Zedong and the CPC Central Committee also carried out political training and consolidation for cadres, put forward the requirements of understanding and protecting cadres, and carried out political and ideological work, so that Red Army soldiers could clearly understand the situation, unify their thinking, strengthen their confidence, boost their morale and be greatly encouraged mentally.
A year later, the Red Second Army and the Red Fourth Army marched into Hadapu, which is still an important supply place for various materials of the Red Army. The Red Fourth Front Army rested here for several days to improve food, replenish supplies, expand the red government, publicize anti-Japanese ideas and form guerrillas. More than 2,000 young people joined the Red Army and became an important supplement to the Red Army's Long March.
After the rest and replenishment of Hadapu, the Red Army regained its physical strength, high spirit and high morale, improved its combat effectiveness and laid a solid foundation for going north to Shaanxi and Gansu. Hadapu is the most vivid movement in the "Symphony of Destiny" of the Long March, a blessed place of China revolution, and also a place where "the three armies will make their faces blossom after the Seven Laws of the Long March" in Mao Zedong.
The reorganization of the Central Red Army-
Hadapu is an important "reorganization place" of the Red Army.
After joining forces, due to Zhang's separatist behavior, the Central Red Army went north first. Due to factors such as downsizing in combat and harsh marching environment, only 7,000 people remained when the Red Army arrived at Hadapu. In order to improve the organizational system and narrow the target, the Red Army team needs to be reorganized. At the Russian border meeting, the Central Committee made a decision to reorganize the Red Army and the Red Army into the Shaanxi-Gansu detachment. However, due to the military emergency at that time, preparations were made for the reorganization of the troops only on the way.
After the Red Army arrived in Hadapu, it immediately convened the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau to study and discuss issues such as organizational work, cadres and troop establishment. At the meeting, the reorganization plan of the Shaanxi-Gansu detachment of the Chinese Red Army of Workers and Peasants was formally adopted, with Peng as commander and political commissar, Lin Biao as deputy commander, Ye Jianying as chief of staff and Wang Jiaxiang as director of the political department. The Shaanxi-Gansu detachment consists of three columns. The original Red Army and Red Army were changed into the first and second columns respectively, and the central organ and the General Political Department of the Red Army formed the third column. After the reorganization, the unified leadership and actions of the Red Army in politics and military affairs were ensured, the direct leadership of the Party over the army was strengthened, the command level was reduced, the grass-roots units were enriched, and the combat effectiveness of the Red Army was greatly improved. The reorganized detachment has smaller goals and more flexible actions, which is more conducive to reducing resistance in marching.
The establishment of the Shaanxi-Gansu detachment is an important reorganization of the Red Army in the Long March, and it is also an integration of the Red Army's hard bones by the central authorities. Xiao Hua, the founding general, once wrote a poem praising: "The Red Army crossed Minshan and Hada reorganized. Wan Liyun and the moon have 6,000 elite soldiers. " It is precisely because of this reorganization that the Red Army unified its thinking, defined its direction, and provided a strong ideological, organizational and military guarantee for marching into the Shaanxi-Gansu revolutionary base. From here, the reorganized Central Red Army began a great March into the Shaanxi-Gansu revolutionary base area.
A new exploration of ethnic policy-
Hadapu is the "implementation place" of the party's ethnic policy.
Since its establishment, China * * * Production Party has attached great importance to the work in ethnic areas, and constantly promoted the China of Marxist ethnic theory in practice. On the way to the Long March, the Communist Party of China (CPC) comprehensively practiced and applied Marxist national theory. During the Long March, the main forces of the Red Army passed through ethnic minority areas, had direct contact with ethnic minority people, established deep feelings and formulated some ethnic policies. As one of the important exploration and practice places of ethnic policy in the Long March, Hadapu enriched and developed the Party's ethnic policy.
Hadapu is a residential area where Hui and Han people live together. When the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China led the First and Third Corps of the Red Army to Hadapu, he paid great attention to educating the Red Army officers and men on the party's ethnic policy and discipline, and carried out ethnic work as an important political activity. It formulated the Code of Conduct for Hui Nationality Areas in a timely manner, which stipulated: "When delegates enter Hui Nationality Areas, they should first contact the imam to explain the significance of the Red Army's going north to resist Japan, and get. Protect the freedom of religious belief of the Hui people, do not enter the mosque without permission, and do not damage the Hui classics. You are not allowed to borrow utensils from Muslims, and you are not allowed to eat pork and lard in Muslim areas. Publicize the Red Army's idea of national equality and oppose the oppression of Hui people by Han Chinese officials. " These four simple disciplines combine the reality of Hui nationality areas, and make the Party's ethnic policy and religious policy concrete, which is the successful practice of the Party's ethnic policy.
After the promulgation of the Code for Hui People's Areas, officers and men of the Red Army conscientiously implemented it, writing slogans such as "Protect Hui People, Protect Mosques" on rural roads to publicize the party's purpose and ethnic policies to local people. The Red Army also held a mass meeting in Hadapu. Mao Zedong personally spoke and introduced the purpose of the Party and the Red Army and the Party's ethnic and religious policies in plain language. The Red Army also used some of the seized materials to help the poor people who returned to Han, and invited representatives of the masses to attend the forum, thus forming a vivid situation of national unity. Hadapu, a scholar in the late Qing Dynasty, once wrote a poem praising "How can you know that benevolence and righteousness are better than Julian Waghann?".
The Red Army's ethnic policy in Hadapu also provided a follow-up and demonstration for the Red Army and the Red Army to enter Longnan and do a good job in ethnic work. After the Red Army and the Red Fourth Front Army arrived in Hadapu, they strictly implemented the party's ethnic policies, respected the customs of the Hui people, enthusiastically helped the people, established the Soviet regime, and absorbed young people from ethnic minorities to join the Red Army, which made important contributions to supporting the Red Army's northward anti-Japanese war.
The Party's exploration and practice of ethnic policies in Hadapu won the help and support of the Hui people with sincere actions and promoted the ideological emancipation of the Hui people in Hadapu area. The Regional Regulations of Hui Nationality is a national and religious policy and regulation on Hui Nationality in the history of our Party, an important part of the Party's ethnic theory, and one of the sources of China's regional ethnic autonomy system, the policy of freedom of religious belief and the proposition of ethnic equality, which has made a useful exploration for the formation and practice of the Party's national and religious policies. The new practice of the Red Army's ethnic policy in Hadapu has extremely important historical and practical significance. To this day, Hadapu is still a banner of national unity and a national education base for national unity and progress.
Coordinate with the General Command of the Three Armies-
Hadapu is the "formulation place" of "Cheng Hui-Liangkang battle plan"
1In July, 936, the Red Second Front Army and the Red Fourth Front Army joined forces in the north after their victory. At the beginning of September, after the Red Second Army entered Hadapu, it resolutely implemented the central spirit. According to the Party Central Committee "in Fengxian, Baoji, Liangdang, Huixian, Chengxian and Kangxian, on the edge of but so do dungans, holding Hu Zongnan's tail from the right, and cooperating with the Red Army and the Fourth Army to wait and see (. In Hadapu, the basic orders of the Second Front Army were formulated and issued, and the "Battle between Cheng Hui and Liang Kang" was organized and launched. Decided to take advantage of the weakness of the enemy of Shaanxi but Gansu to March eastward and attack Chengxian, Huixian, Liangdang, Kangxian, Fengxian and Lueyang counties in Shaanxi to establish temporary revolutionary base areas. On September 10, the Red Second Front Army marched to the southeast and began to implement the plan of "Battle between Cheng Hui and Liang Kang". From September 1 1 to the 20th, in ten days, it fought for more than 700 miles, captured four counties in Shaanxi, including Chengxian, Huixian, Liangdang and Kangxian, and parts of Lueyang and Fengxian, and successfully completed the "Cheng Hui and Liangkang Campaign Plan". /kloc-at the beginning of 0/0, the Red Army left Longnan area one after another and embarked on a new journey northward.
The victory of Cheng Hui and Kangkang campaigns has effectively dealt a blow to the arrogance of the reactionary Kuomintang troops and inspired the morale of the broad masses of soldiers and civilians, which is of great strategic significance for the Red Second Army to move northward and promote the successful meeting of the three main forces of the Red Army. The battle between Cheng Hui and Kangkang made the Red Army gain a firm foothold in Longnan, and formed a corner with the Red Army in Longdong and Northern Shaanxi, which echoed each other and had a wide and far-reaching impact on the revolutionary activities in Longnan. After the Red Second Front Army captured Cheng (county), Hui (county) and Kang (county), it led the masses to carry out revolutionary struggles, established temporary revolutionary base areas, publicized policies, mobilized the masses, organized armed forces, established political power, expanded troops, and collected food, further expanding the ranks of the Red Army and making Longnan a new strategic place for the party to fight against Kuomintang reactionaries.
Hadapu is a glorious name in the history of the Red Army's Long March. Standing at a new historical starting point and re-examining this period of history, we should correctly understand the historical position and role of Hadapu in the Long March of the Red Army, further deeply understand the great Long March spirit, strengthen our ideals and beliefs, and let Hadapu's revolutionary spirit shine forever.
On the Long March, the people were the "gas stations" of the Chinese Red Army of Workers and Peasants. On the new long March to realize the Chinese nation's great rejuvenation of the Chinese dream, we should continue the spirit of party member, constantly improve people's livelihood and well-being, accelerate the pace of high-quality development, strive to be the "gas station" for the people in the new era, forge ahead in the future on the new journey of building a socialist modern country, and write a new chapter of happiness and beauty in Longnan.
(The writer is secretary of Longnan Municipal Committee of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China. )