(1) age of steam and the era of electric power (2 points)

(2) Productivity: In the first industrial revolution, large-scale machine production appeared, human beings entered the "age of steam" and Britain became the "world factory";

The second industrial revolution brought about the high development of productive forces, and mankind entered the "electrical age". (4 points)

Social relations: the first industrial revolution promoted the formation of two opposing classes in modern times; The British capitalist mode of production was finally established. (4 points)

In the second industrial revolution, production and capital were highly concentrated, resulting in monopoly organizations; Capitalism has entered the stage of imperialism.

World market: the world market has initially taken shape; The world market has further developed and finally formed. (2 points)

(3) Early days: trains and ships; Power: steam engine? Later: cars and planes. Power: internal combustion engine (6 points)

(4) Understanding of science and technology, innovation and education (2 points)

Test analysis:

(1) The question mainly examines students' ability to accurately reproduce historical facts and solve problems by using what they have learned. The industrial revolution replaced manpower with machines, and the invention and application of machines became the symbol of this era, so the industrial revolution brought mankind into age of steam; The second industry is characterized by the wide application of electricity, and a series of electrical inventions have appeared. Electricity began to be used to drive machines and become a new energy source to supplement and replace steam power. The rapid development of electric power industry and electrical appliance manufacturing industry has brought mankind into a revolutionary electrical era.

(2) The question mainly examines students' ability to accurately reproduce historical facts and solve problems by using what they have learned. The two industrial revolutions had different influences on the capitalist world in terms of productivity, social relations and world market. In terms of productivity, the first industrial revolution made mankind enter the "age of steam", Britain became the "world factory", and the second industrial revolution made mankind enter the "electrical age"; In terms of social relations: the key to the first industrial revolution was to form two opposing classes, and the British capitalist mode of production was finally established; The second industrial revolution produced monopoly organizations and entered the stage of imperialism; In the world market, it initially formed the first time and finally formed the second time.

(3) The question mainly examines students' ability to accurately reproduce historical facts, accurately interpret material information, analyze material information and solve problems. According to what they have learned, the "cheap and comfortable means of transportation" mentioned in the materials appeared in the early19th century, and the driving force of these means of transportation innovation was the steam engine; Later, automobiles and airplanes appeared, and the power invention that led to the innovation of these vehicles was the internal combustion engine.

(4) Questioning mainly examines students' ability to accurately reproduce historical facts, accurately interpret material information, analyze material information and solve problems. According to the materials and knowledge learned, we can draw a lot of enlightenment from the social changes since the industrial revolution, and we should grasp scientific and technological understanding, innovative understanding and educational understanding in our answers; Of course, from other angles, everything related to the industrial revolution is correct.