Current location - Music Encyclopedia - Chinese History - How did the official kiln era in China begin?
How did the official kiln era in China begin?
Official kilns were porcelain made in some kilns in Song Gaozong during the Southern Song Dynasty, which were used and returned by the imperial court. At that time, it was commonly known as "official kiln". The official kiln was first located in Maogong Cave (now Yangzhou, Jiangsu). The official kiln porcelain of the Southern Song Dynasty follows the style of the Northern Song Dynasty, with regular symmetry, court momentum, elegant atmosphere and meticulous.

Because of the extremely high iron content in the tire soil, it feels heavy, and the tire soil is dark brown, which is later called "purple iron foot". The glaze is heavy and bright, thick as fat and moist as jade. Repeatedly scraping the glaze, the glaze is heavy without glare, the texture layout is regular, and the shape is solemn and generous. In addition, the "bones left by meat decay" (the exposed part looks like the bones of the dead, commonly known as "Gu Dong") was also made at that time.

The official kiln we are talking about today generally refers to the porcelain fired by official kilns in past dynasties. In fact, in history, they only refer to porcelain fired in the Southern Song Dynasty, and later generations did not have this name.

The so-called imperial kiln porcelain refers to the porcelain dedicated to the royal family. There are strict etiquette rules in modeling and decoration, and the grades are strict, which strictly corresponds to the "automobile service system". Misuse is a felony.

As a royal porcelain, the official kiln porcelain is subdivided into:

1, Royal Porcelain: For example, the "Huang Zheng Porcelain" of Qing Yongzheng is the royal color, which can only be used by emperors and princes.

2. Wang Fu Porcelain: Give it to other members of the royal family, including the prince. The famous "Ledaotang Porcelain" among cultural relics is a model of Wang Fu porcelain.

3, Yipin Palace Porcelain: Under the world, it is the land of kings, and the place of command is the king's minister? More for the reward of the emperor. The themes of early court porcelain were mostly taken from the auxiliary clothing elements on the official clothes, such as the unicorn of Wuyi Yipin and the crane of Wenyiping.

It is worth mentioning that Duo Long, a porcelain used in folk kilns, hides its paws in the mist and water, which can be said to be a mutual compromise between royal etiquette and folk customs.

Official kiln porcelain is mainly used by huge bureaucratic groups, and the requirements for types are relatively low, and it is mostly limited to topics other than "ceremony" such as the myth of flowers, birds, insects and fish. Sometimes the royal family will buy it as a "fun" toy, but it is mostly used by officials and wealthy businessmen. This kind of porcelain is generally purchased by the Ministry of Internal Affairs, and a special pottery supervisor is set up in Jingdezhen, which is fired for many years.

The official kiln stopped production after the end of Qing Dynasty, and was officially restored by China Official Kiln Ceramics International Group on October 28th, 2008/KLOC-0.

To sum up, the official kiln era in China began in the Southern Song Dynasty and followed the style of the Northern Song Dynasty, which was only used by the royal family and officials.