65438+In August 2003, the Ministry of Communications of Beiyang Government promulgated the Provisional Regulations on the Installation of Radio Receivers, allowing citizens to install radios. There are more and more people installing radios, and the method is mostly to connect them with regenerative wires. In August of the same year, Yan Jingyang of Shanghai Jiande Savings Office successfully installed a radio by superheterodyne line connection. In June 65438+the following year 10, the crystal receiver and tube radio assembled by Yamei Radio Co., Ltd. in Songjiang Library were successful. They not only received radio waves from Shanghai Radio, but also received music programs from Japan Radio.
In 22 years of the Republic of China, the crystal receiver 100 1 produced by Yamei Radio Company was small and beautiful in appearance, low in price and good in radio reception effect, which was welcomed by the public. In 24 years, the company produced the first superheterodyne five-lamp radio, 165 1. The high-frequency and medium-frequency transformers, power transformers and coils used in this machine are all designed and manufactured by themselves except electron tubes and carbon resistors. Since then, a number of radio manufacturers have successively produced radios. Among them, Zhong Yong Wireless Motor Factory has a larger scale, second only to Yamei Radio Co., Ltd., which produces standard third-ring Yi Deng radios and DC three-lamp radios for 25 years. In addition, there are Huachang Wireless Motor Factory and Yael Electric Co., Ltd., both of which have produced radios with one to five lights. Although the means of production are backward and the number of products is small, these products occupy a certain position in the domestic radio manufacturing industry.
In the 25th year of the Republic of China, with the development of radio broadcasting, radios were gradually popularized in the whole city, with a total of more than 654.38+10,000 sets, but almost all of them were made abroad, which made the domestic national radio manufacturing industry develop slowly. In July of 26, the * * War broke out in an all-round way, and the radio manufacturing industry in Shanghai was further hit. In 3 1 year of the Republic of China, the Japanese invaders banned citizens from using radios with more than seven lights and forced them to dismantle the short-wave coils of radios. Under the rule of Japanese puppet government, the production of radio manufacturers was at a standstill.
After War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression's victory in 34 years of the Republic of China, Shanghai's national radio manufacturing industry resumed and a number of new radio manufacturers were developed. By the end of 36, there were 590 electrical industrial and commercial enterprises in Shanghai, including 235 radio industrial and commercial enterprises. In the same year, the National Government Resources Committee set up a research institute in Shanghai to make high-end eight-lamp radio with resource brand desktop and floor standing. However, bureaucratic capital enterprises imported a large number of complete sets of radio parts from abroad and sold assembled radios at low prices, which brought a new blow to the national radio manufacturing industry. By the eve of Shanghai's liberation, more than 30% of the factories in Shanghai's telecommunications industry were in a state of shutdown or semi-shutdown, and only seven factories and workshops were engaged in the manufacture of radios and their parts, with a total of 1 13 employees.
From 1949 to 1952, the production situation generally improved due to the strong support of the state. There are 558 new telecom equipment manufacturing enterprises in the city, and the number of employees has increased to 2032. From 1952 to 1955, the output of radios increased by 10 times.
1957, Yin Hong radio equipment factory successfully trial-produced Mei Duo brand 563-A six-lamp three-band electron tube large-scale desktop radio. The machine adopts high-low harmonic and short-wave broadening device, and won the first place in the first national radio appraisal in 1958. In the same year, Shanghai Broadcasting Equipment Factory produced Hongqi brand car radios for Changchun No.1 Automobile Factory. At the end of the year, Shanghai brand 382 auto-tuning car radio was successfully developed. In the development process, the winding technology of self-tuning pagoda-shaped high-frequency coil is solved, and the manufacturing technology of whip antenna is adopted for the first time. The factory cooperated with Tongren Alloy Factory to trial-produce Amco pure iron, a new electromagnetic iron absorption material. Model 382 was put into production from 1959 to 1960, and a total of 643 units were produced. At the same time, the factory also successfully trial-produced the Shanghai brand 13 1 AC seven-lamp first-class radio, which filled the gap in China. This machine won the first prize of the second national radio viewing appraisal meeting from 65438 to 0959. A total of 58,773 sets of this product were produced, of which 6,700 sets were exported. 196 1 year, the product was transferred to Shanghai Radio No.2 Factory for production.
1in March, 958, the trial-production team of the radio equipment factory led by engineer Zhang cooperated with nine factories including Tianhe Electrochemical Factory and Shanghai Institute of Radio Technology to successfully trial-produce the first transistor radio in China. This machine is a mobile superheterodyne radio. The whole machine uses seven transistors, and more than 50 parts are all ultra-small. 1959 On the eve of the National Day, Shanghai Radio Equipment Factory mass-produced 300 ST2- 1- 1 transistor radios for the first time. The circuit is printed by dipping method and coated with epoxy resin, which technically ensures the insulation of the circuit. Domestic transistor radios have been commercialized for the first time. In the same year, the factory also successfully trial-produced the first transistor car radio in China, and installed it on the Phoenix car on September 27th.
1in the autumn of 960, Shanghai radio manufacturing industry carried out enterprise rectification centered on product quality. The 26 1-A six-lamp dual-frequency radio produced by Shanghai No.2 Radio Factory was criticized in Jiefang Daily for its quality problems. After half a year's strict rectification, the product jumped from three categories to one category and won the first prize in the third national radio competition. Through rectification, the radio quality in Shanghai has been improved. 196 1 year, in the observation and appraisal of national broadcast receivers, seven kinds of radios with the best quality were selected, among which Shanghai products accounted for five kinds, among which Mei Duo 663-2-6 six-lamp AC radio produced by Shanghai Radio No.3 Factory ranked first. The machine is equipped with high and low control network, with beautiful sound quality, brand-new electric eye indicator tube and double sets of knobs, with beautiful appearance. At the beginning of 1962, Shanghai Radio No.4 Factory successfully trial-produced 426 1 dual-purpose radio record player, forming mass production capacity, which was well received by consumers and exported to Southeast Asia in small quantities.
In the 1960s, transistor radios made great progress. 1962 5438+00 In June, Shanghai No.3 Radio Factory took the lead in manufacturing the first domestic MIDO 28A portable eight-tube medium and short wave transistor radio, and built the first transistor radio assembly line. The machine adopts superheterodyne circuit, medium and short wave magnetic antenna, and there is a special high-sensitivity speaker in the machine, which has a loud and beautiful voice. Subsequently, Shanghai Radio No.4 Factory produced 4B3 six-tube transistor radio, which is the smallest transistor radio in China and can be put in a shirt pocket, which is very popular with consumers. In the same period, Shanghai Radio No.4 Factory trial-produced car radios for Changchun No.1 Automobile Factory, which were used for supporting Hongqi brand cars. 1964, 4B4 car radio was put into mass production, and 177 1 set was produced that year, which was the first batch of transistor car radios produced in China. 1963, the output of transistor radios in Shanghai only accounted for 3.3% of the total output of radios, and it rose to 59.7% in 1965, surpassing the output of electron tube radios for the first time. 1967 In May, Qunyi Telecom Factory designed and developed the first transistor radio in China with silicon transistor 67-5, which laid the foundation for the application of silicon transistor in radio. During this period, transistor radios developed rapidly, mainly because the country implemented the economic policy of periodic duty-free production of transistor radios and duty-free assembly of small parts and semiconductor devices for one year. By the end of 1969, Shanghai had produced a total of1730,000 transistor radios, accounting for one third of the total output of transistor radios in the same period. 1975, Shanghai 10 1 factory successfully developed Haiyan T24 1 twelve-tube four-band AC secondary desktop radio, in which transistors replaced electronic tubes. This machine won the first prize in the 7th and 8th National Broadcasting Competition, 198 1 year, which is the first national quality silver award in Shanghai radio and television manufacturing industry. The quality of the machine is stable and reliable, and the average trouble-free working time reaches 7300 hours. High sensitivity, good selectivity and high output power, suitable for urban and rural areas and border areas. The machine is equipped with 6-inch speakers and 4-inch × 6-inch speakers, both of which are made of large wooden shells, with reasonable layout, rich sense of the times, loud voice and beautiful sound quality. From 1975 to 1984, the cumulative production was 286438+00000 units. Supply by ticket for a period of time, which is very popular.
Since 1970s, the national demand for radios has been increasing, which has promoted the further development of Shanghai radios. 1In June, 1972, Shanghai No.2 Radio Factory designed and produced the Hongguang brand 7 1 1 six-lamp dual-frequency large-scale desk-top tube radio, which was popular in the market for its rich timbre, reliable quality and beautiful appearance. From 1972 to 1980, a total of1860,000 sets were produced, setting a record for the output of Class I radios in the same period. 1974, the factory also produced 200 red light brand 735 all-band portable first-class radios for users and professional units that need high-sensitivity reception and monitoring. The machine adopts MOS double-gate field effect transistor and T-type field effect transistor, which improves the high-frequency gain and selectivity. Among them, the application of variable intermediate frequency passband and frequency modulation 10.7 MHz ceramic filter technology is the first in China, and the loop drum switching technology is adopted for band high frequency conversion, which fills the gap of small switches for band high frequency conversion in China. 1975, at the national advanced radio technology exchange meeting held in Fourth Ministry of machinery industry, the special report on the design and trial production of this product was well received. 1976, Shanghai Radio No.2 Factory once again introduced Hongguang brand 753 single-band small-sized desktop transistor radio, with large speakers, large batteries and low price, which is suitable for rural needs. Loud sound quality, can be used for decoration, easy to carry. From production to the end of 1990, the cumulative output exceeded 3 million units, which is the highest output and the longest distribution history among similar products in China. 1977, Changfeng brand CF-2 12 tube desktop transistor radio produced by Shanghai Huafeng Wireless Power Plant won many awards in the national radio quality appraisal. 1In July, 1978, Shanghai No.3 Radio Factory launched the Chunlei brand 3T9 AC twelve-tube dual-frequency large-scale desktop radio, which won the first prize in the seventh and eighth national radio quality appraisal. Transistor desktop radio is not only comparable to electron tube radio in appearance style and sound quality, but also has the advantages of long life and low energy consumption, thus changing the long-standing prejudice of poor sound effect of transistor radio.
1980 or so, with the rise of tape recorders, the demand for radios in Shanghai is declining year by year. The sales volume of transistor radios is 1025600 in 1980, 573000 in 1985 and only 324 1000 in 1989. Electron tube radios have also become obsolete. The style of radio has changed from large desktop to pocket and combination. Especially after breaking through the key technologies such as frequency modulation, stereo and integration, the speed of product upgrading has been accelerated. 1979 10, Shanghai Twelfth Television Factory successfully trial-produced the Shanghai brand 7900 superheterodyne eight-tube three-band clock-controlled radio, which uses liquid crystal display, accurate time, and OTL circuit output at the last stage of the radio. Radio has many functions, such as listening to short-wave AM broadcast, singing, alarm, timing off, standard time, stopwatch, repetition time and counter. Adapted to the needs of various consumption levels. From 65438 to 0982, Shanghai Qunyi Wireless Power Plant produced Butterfly brand 200-A FM/AM three-band portable integrated circuit radios, becoming one of the earliest integrated chemical plants in Shanghai. 1July, 983, Changfeng brand CF-3530 six-tube one-band radio designed and produced by Shanghai Huafeng Wireless Power Plant with value engineering is a pocket computer, with silicon-germanium tube mixed circuit and OTL audio output circuit. The cost profit rate of this machine reaches 13.3%, which is a product with high economic benefit among similar products. In September of the same year, Shanghai Radio No.35 Factory successfully trial-produced the world brand XS402-B single-band pocket integrated circuit radio, which is the first pocket integrated circuit radio in Shanghai. 1in may, 1984, Shanghai scientific instrument factory successfully developed S-20 1 portable FM/AM stereo radio, which filled the blank of domestic portable stereo radio. 1985, Shanghai Qunyi Wireless Power Plant introduced Butterfly brand 1 15 pocket FM and AM stereo ultra-thin radios. The whole machine adopts four integrated circuits with stable and reliable performance. It is one of the thinnest pocket stereo radios in China. In the mid-1980s, Shanghai Radio No.35 Factory successively produced the world-famous single-band pocket radios with a unit price of only 14 yuan, while the price was 20 yuan's single-band portable radios. These radios are either of high quality and famous brand, or of novel style and low price, but they are still in short supply under the trend of declining total market demand.
In the early 1990s, Shanghai Radio & Television (Group) Co., Ltd. jointly developed a solar radio with the radio design team, which made a new exploration for improving the development level of radio.