Compared with other people in the "Seven Sages of Bamboo Forest", Xiang embroidery seems to be not famous enough, and there are not many records in Shi Shuo Xin Yu written by Liu Yiqing in the Southern Dynasties. However, the Millennium cannot erase the unique brilliance of Xiang embroidery.
Xiang embroidery met Dan Tao in the same county when she was a teenager. Under the guidance of Dan Tao, I got to know Ji Kang and Ruan Ji, both of whom are "Seven Sages of Bamboo Forest".
Xiang Xiu was a famous thinker and writer at that time, although he didn't have a complete collection handed down from ancient times. The main works are Zhuangzi's Note, which is called "Wonderful Analysis of Wonders, Great Mystery" (Shi Shuo Xin Yu Literature), and "Readers are detached from their hearts and self-sufficient for a while" (Biography of Jin Shu Xiangxiu). Lv An sighed after reading it, saying that "Zhuang Zhou is not dead". Xiang Xiu also wrote the annotation of Zhouyi, which is said to be "meaningful", but "Zhuang peerless", and both annotations are lost today. There is also an article "Difficult Uncle Ji was born at night", which was included in "San Ji in Jizhong"; There is an article "homesickness" in the Selected Works and the Book of Jin.
Xiang Xiu's three works, One Book, One Theory and One Fu, are all excellent works: his Notes on Zhuangzi created a new idea of metaphysical annotation, which is unsustainable for future generations; Difficult to preserve one's health is unique, but it can't compare with Ji Kang. Thinking of the Old Fu is a masterpiece, which can be compared with nothing in Wei and Jin Dynasties.
After the tragic events of Ji and Lu, Xiang Embroidery realized in melancholy and confusion, in anguish and hesitation, and became more indifferent and quiet, and elaborated the spirit of Zhuangzi Thought with heart. Xiang Xiu's biography or text, I will show you some sages, Xiao Xie all the year round, and there is no note. Only good Zhuangzi, chat should be written by Cui, in case you forget the clouds. But it's a pity that two of them, Qiushui and Zhile, have no comments, and Xiang embroidery is dead.
politics
Xiang embroidery had a weak official career in its early years, and had the ambition to live in seclusion. After Ji Kang was killed by Si Mazhao, in order to avoid disaster, he had to obey the intimidation of the imperial court and pull him out to be an official. He has served as assistant minister of scattered riding, assistant minister of Huangmen, and regular servant of scattered riding, but he chose to do nothing and be an official passively. Xiang Xiu once advocated inaction politics, but the inaction politics he advocated was "let nature take its course without wisdom". For example, Xu Shu, whose mother was detained by Cao Cao at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, wanted to go to Cao Ying, but he didn't say a word, didn't offer counsel, and used silence to confront power, so did Xiang Xiu. A close reading of The Thought of Old Fu reveals his unwillingness and resentment. It is really a last resort to change from the map to the festival.
culture
Xiang Xiu was a famous thinker, writer, great philosopher and great writer at that time, although he didn't have a complete collection handed down from ancient times. The main works include Zhuangzi's Notes on Xiang Embroidery, which is described as "a wonderful analysis of strange things and a great mystery" (Shi Shuo Xin Yu Literature) and "the reader is detached from his heart and self-sufficient for a while" (Biography of Xiang Embroidery in the Book of Jin). Lv An sighed after reading it, saying that "Zhuang Zhou is not dead". Xiang Xiu also wrote the annotation of Zhouyi, which is said to be "meaningful", but "Zhuang peerless", and both annotations are lost today. There is also an article "Difficult Uncle Ji was born at night", which was included in "San Ji in Jizhong"; There is an article "homesickness" in the Selected Works and the Book of Jin. After he arrived in Luoyang, he devoted himself to the study of Zhuangzi Thought. So he closed the door, took notes with great concentration, and elaborated Zhuangzi's ideological spirit with his heart.
Xiang Xiu's three works, One Book, One Theory and One Fu, are all excellent works: his Notes on Zhuangzi created a new idea of metaphysical annotation, which is unsustainable for future generations; Difficult to preserve one's health is unique, but it can't compare with Ji Kang. Thinking about the Old Fu is a masterpiece, which can be compared with nothing in Wei and Jin Dynasties.
There is an interesting episode about Xiang Xiu's comments on Zhuangzi. Ji Kang said at the beginning of Xiangxiu's annotation that the mysterious meaning in Zhuangzi would be frozen by annotation, and there was no better annotation before, so Xiangxiu might as well leave it out. Later, Xiang embroidery basically wrote a note and showed it to Ji Kang. Ji Kang realized that this note made Hyunri in Zhuangzi more wonderful, so he was deeply impressed by the talent of Xiang embroidery.
Xiang Xiu affirmed that "thinking with five flavors and thinking with five colors" is the principle of nature and the feeling between heaven and earth, and advocated "civilized nature, which cannot be externalized". He also believes that "courtesy" and "seeking things and being strict with injustice" can promote people's social psychology and desires, such as fame and fortune, thus emphasizing the combination of "nature" and "righteousness". Through the mutual learning between Confucianism and Taoism reflected in the annotation, "the differences between Confucianism and Taoism can be solved through careful interpretation of words, laying an ideological foundation for practical application." Xiang Xiu's On the Difficulties of Health Preservation inspired Ji Kang to further elaborate his health preservation thought. The thought of Xiang embroidery is based on the secular view, not his real consciousness.
According to Jin Shu Xiang Xiu Zhuan, since Kang was punished, Xiu Ying entered Luo. Wendi asked, "I heard that Ji Shan has ambitions. Why are you here? " Xiu said, "I think that the person recommended by Zhong did not reach Yao's heart. Is it enough to admire them? " The emperor was very happy. Xiunai has served since then. -After Si Mazhao killed Ji Kang, he forced Xiang Xiu to swallow this "bitter fruit": Didn't you want to live in seclusion before? Why don't you learn from others and pick the roses? In order to save his life, Xiang Xiu had to follow his heart: "People like Chao Fu and Xu You don't understand Yao Di's thirst for talents, so the life of seclusion is not enviable." But does he really think so? Life under power is as casual as floating dust
After Xiang Xiu's death, Guo Xiang stole the manuscript when his son was young and his father's notes were not made public. "Qiushui and Zhile are self-explanatory, horseshoe is easy, and the rest are just fixed-point sentences", which became popular in his own name. This matter can be found in Shi Shuo Xin Yu literature and Jin Shu. For thousands of years, when people talked about the annotations of Zhuangzi, they all regarded Guo Xiang as everyone, ignoring the outstanding achievements of Xiang embroidery. This may be the most famous intellectual property infringement case in the cultural history of China.
philosophy
1, the ontological metaphysics of Xiang embroidery is advocated in his philosophy of self-creation and self-transformation.
Xiang Xiu demonstrated the "unborn" process and "biochemical essence" of all things, and initially developed Hyunri's thoughts on "nothing to be happy about" and "ups and downs with changes", which involved some social and political realities. Xie Lingyun in the Eastern Jin Dynasty commented on the Argument on Clans (Hong Guangming Ji (18)), and Yu Yan quoted Xiang Xiu Biezhuan as saying: "If you write" On Confucianism and Taoism ",if you don't record it, the good person may keep it". Xiang Xiu has always cherished the academic ideal of integrating Confucianism and Taoism, and the new meaning of "self-development and self-transformation" in Zhuangzi's Notes also serves this purpose.
2. Xiang embroidery's evaluation of Zhuangzi's carefree tour.
After Zhuangzi's death, his theory was silent for hundreds of years, and finally revived in the hearts of the seven sages of bamboo forest in Wei and Jin Dynasties. Ji Kang and Ruan Ji, along the wandering road of Zhuangzi, fiercely opposed the social system and played the banner of "many teachers teach nature": Ji Kang rose up and died in vain; Ruan Ji relied on the illusory realm of immortals, but died of depression. Facing the reality, Xiang Xiu "realized". He clearly saw that in front of the iron wall of the social system, Xiang Xiu said that individual resistance is meaningless, and freedom from society is just an illusion. Walking along the direction of "traveling around the world" is probably the only way out. He doesn't want to follow Ji Kang's footsteps. Between the imperial court and the mountain forest, he reluctantly chose the former. As the last celebrity in the bamboo forest, Xiang Embroidery is ready to be "free and unfettered" with Dan Tao and Wang Rong who have already become officials.
Xiang Xiu had a deeper understanding of the description of Dapeng and birds in Zhuangzi Xiaoyao Tour during his tenure in the Western Jin Dynasty. In these two contrasting images, he actually found the essential equality: freedom is the best state of life, and freedom is the natural satisfaction. If you satisfy your nature, then freedom itself is no different, just like sleeping in a golden bed or a wooden bed. From this point of view, as long as you are satisfied with your own nature, there is no difference between small people and big people, even saints and mortals. Xiang Xiu used this discovery to refresh the understanding of "carefree travel" in the ideological circle, and compiled it into Zhuangzi's Note. According to the "Xiangzi period" and "Xiaoyao righteousness" in Liu Xiao's annotation in Shi Shuo Xin Yu Literature, Xiang embroidery believes that the ideal "Xiaoyao" realm exists in the realistic secular society and is not obtained by the external domination of "ontology". The key lies in their respective nature and their respective shares. "Sex" and "separation" belong to the inherent "natural law" of human beings. According to the concept of "lust and nature" advocated by his theory of difficulty in keeping in good health, as long as the requirements of human nature are met, whether it is Dapeng in the sky in Wan Li or a cockroach with elm feet, it can achieve a carefree state. Mortals are willing to wait, and saints are not absolute hermits, but they can adapt to any material environment by waiting for things, but actually stay with things.
In this way, freedom only needs self-sufficiency and proper place, and mortals and "Supreme People" can "be in harmony". The philosophical basis of this free and unfettered justice is still the ontological thought of "self-creation and self-change" of all things. Through the development of Guo Xiang, his recognition of secular famous religion has become the personality ideal of literati life.