First, the teaching purpose
(1) Basic knowledge
Let students understand and master: the establishment of Huangpu Military Academy; The purpose of the Northern Expedition, the main objectives, and the important battles in the main battlefields; The reason for the victory of the Northern Expedition; Reasons for the failure of the national revolutionary movement; The establishment of Nanjing National Government.
(2) Basic skills
Through the production and use of the situation map of the Northern Expedition, this paper summarizes the marching route and main objectives of the Northern Expedition, and cultivates students' practical ability, map reading ability, oral expression ability and the ability to summarize historical events. Through group discussion, analyze the reasons for the victory of the Northern Expedition, and cultivate students' comprehensive analytical ability and sense of cooperation; Through materials, analyze the reasons for the failure of the national revolution, and cultivate students' ability to read materials and analyze problems; Cultivate students' judgment ability and oral expression ability through classroom analysis and explanation; Cultivate students' competitive consciousness and adaptability through answering questions and group competitions; By collecting data, previewing, reviewing, summarizing and self-learning before class, students' autonomous learning ability and comprehensive induction ability are cultivated.
(3) Emotional attitudes and values
By analyzing the reasons for the success of the March in the Northern Expedition, students can realize that China * * * party member has always regarded the interests of the country and the nation as his goal, and spared no effort to sacrifice his precious life, thus inspiring students' love and patriotism for China. At the same time, make students realize that the Northern Expedition was a just war against imperialism and feudalism led by the cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party of China, and cultivate students' sense of cooperation and team spirit. Through the analysis of the reasons for the establishment of the Nanjing National Government and the failure of the National Revolution, students can understand the reactionary nature of the Kuomintang and strengthen their feelings of patriotism and love for the Party.
Second, teaching priorities, difficulties and solutions
(A) teaching focus: the Northern Expedition successfully marched.
(2) Teaching difficulties: the reasons for the successful March of the Northern Expedition; How to guide students to think positively, actively participate in the teaching process, mobilize students' learning initiative and stimulate students' interest in learning.
(3) Solution: Students are the main body in the teaching process. To solve these problems, we must first use flexible teaching methods such as songs, couplets, group activities, self-study, group competitions, group discussions, hands-on thinking, multimedia and pictures to stimulate students' interest and let them actively participate in the whole teaching process.
Third, teaching resources.
(1) Multimedia equipment (or projector). (2) Picture: Sun Yat-sen's head; * * * imprisoned members and revolutionary masses; Kuomintang massacred revolutionary volunteers; Whampoa Army Military Academy. (3) Self-made slides (or projector pictures): the school gate couplets of Huangpu Military Academy; Schematic diagram of the Northern Expedition situation; Discussion on the reasons for the victory of the Northern Expedition, the reasons for the failure of the national revolution and a judgment explanation; The strength table of Wu, Sun and Zhang warlords; Four materials on the counter-revolutionary coups of April 12th and July 15th, and the destruction of China revolution by Chen Duxiu's right capitulationism and imperialism during the Northern Expedition; Materials related to the development of industrial and agricultural movements during the Northern Expedition; Self-made knowledge network diagram. (4) Magnetic tape: military songs of the National Revolutionary Army (also can be made into slides or projector pictures).
Fourth, student activity design.
Review and summarize the major struggles led by Sun Yat-sen before the May 4th Movement according to the knowledge learned; Self-study the relevant contents of the first national congress of the Kuomintang; Preview the contents about the establishment of Whampoa Military Academy, and write a report for each group. Before class, I collected the heroic struggle of the National Revolutionary Army and its members during the Northern Expedition War, and the materials that the Kuomintang Rightists and imperialists destroyed the national revolution.
Teaching process and method of verb (abbreviation of verb)
(A) the introduction of new courses.
Tip or suggestion: Show the picture of Sun Yat-sen's head, and then ask each group to summarize and answer the important struggle led by Sun Yat-sen before the May 4th Movement.
Teacher's summary: Sun Yat-sen is a great bourgeois revolutionary in Chinese history. Before the May 4th Movement, he led the Revolution of 1911, the Second Revolution, the movement to protect the country and the movement to protect the law, but all the struggles failed. After the May 4th Movement and the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), he witnessed the growing strength of the people and began a great change in his life. 1924 reorganized the Kuomintang and accepted China's anti-imperialist and anti-feudal thoughts. The first cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party enabled the China Revolution to enter a brand-new historical period, that is, the period of national revolution. During this period, the Northern Expedition led by the Kuomintang and the Communist Party pushed the national revolutionary movement to a climax. Import a new lesson (display title or blackboard title).
(2) Teaching new courses.
After the cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, with the help of the Communist Party of China (CPC) and the Soviet Union, Sun Yat-sen founded the first military academy in China to train revolutionary cadres.
The whole process:
First, the establishment of Whampoa Military Academy.
Tip or suggestion: show slides (or pictures of homemade projectors): Huangpu Military Academy; Military academy gate couplet: Part I: "Please go elsewhere for promotion and wealth", Part II: "Don't enter the gate for fear of death", and comment horizontally: "The revolutionist is coming". Then, let the students discuss in groups according to these materials, textbook knowledge and previous knowledge: Why did Sun Yat-sen establish the Whampoa Military Academy? What is the purpose (purpose) of running a school embodied in this couplet? The students answered, after the teacher summed it up, let each group find a representative to report the establishment of the military academy as a reporter.
Sun Yat-sen realized that in the past, in his unremitting revolutionary process, he only relied on the Huimin Party, the new army and various warlords, and he never had his own revolutionary army. This is one of the reasons for the failure of the revolution, so he hopes to create a revolutionary army through Huangpu Military Academy to save China from peril.
The antithetical couplets embody the school-running purpose of Whampoa Military Academy: to cultivate a new generation of soldiers who have ideals, are not afraid of sacrifice and are committed to saving the country and the people.
At that time, the establishment of Whampoa Military Academy was a major event in China. Please send a representative from each group to report its establishment as a reporter according to the textbook knowledge, this couplet and the discussion just now. (Preparation before class)
Huangpu Army Military Academy, located in Huangpu Island, Guangzhou, consists of the former Guangdong Army School and the Guangdong Naval School. On May 5th 1924, the first phase of students began to enter school, and the school officially started on June 6th. The full name of the military academy is "China Kuomintang Army Academy", and it was renamed as the Kuomintang Central Military and Political Academy in February 1926. Because the school is located in Huangpu, it is called "Whampoa Military Academy". This is the first school in China to train revolutionary army cadres. A large number of military talents have been trained for the national revolution. Sun Yat-sen founded the National Revolutionary Army on the basis of military students. Most students in military schools have become leading cadres at all levels of the National Revolutionary Army. Under the impetus of China, they started the Northern Expedition in 1926 under the leadership of Guangdong Revolutionary Government.
Second, the Northern Expedition marched triumphantly
Prompt or suggestion: Ask questions to let students read the content of "The Northern Expedition Army is marching with great strides", and answer the questions by combining the given information with their own knowledge of geography and history. Let the students be their own little teachers in front of the stage with the schematic diagram of the Northern Expedition, and tell you about the successful March of the Northern Expedition. Give praise to students who have performed well and actively participated.
The National Revolutionary Army sang this song and went to the front of the Northern Expedition. So, do you know who the warlords in the lyrics mainly refer to? Why did the National Revolutionary Army defeat them? What is the purpose of the Northern Expedition? Where is its main battlefield? Which student has the courage to come to the front and tell you the process of the Northern Expeditionary Army's successful March with this picture?
Through this example, combined with our knowledge of geography and history, we can know that the three warlords, Wu, Sun and Zhang, all held the emperor as a vassal and controlled most of the rich areas in China. At the same time, he was the representative of imperialist forces in China and China's feudal rule. They suppressed and scuffled at home, betrayed the country and surrendered abroad, which brought profound disasters to the country and the people, so they became the main targets of the National Revolutionary Army's crusade.
These students did very well just now. According to their stories, we know that in less than half a year, the Northern Expeditionary Army fought from the Pearl River Basin to the Yangtze River Basin, and its momentum shook the whole country. So, why did the Northern Expeditionary Army March successfully? Please discuss in groups according to the information given and the knowledge in this lesson to see which group is the most comprehensive.
Tips or suggestions: presentation: slides (or projector pictures): relevant information about the development of industrial and agricultural movements during the Northern Expedition. Comment on students' analysis, be sure to be good and encourage others. (teacher summarizes).
Generally speaking, the reasons for the victory of the war can be considered from the following aspects: (1) the justice of the war; (2) Whether the army's operational policy is correct; (3) whether all aspects of cooperation are effective and the combat situation of officers and men; (4) Whether there is people's support and foreign aid. Which of the following students can summarize the analysis of each group and these methods? (The teacher should give praise)
Tip or suggestion: Show slides (or projector pictures): The reason for the successful March of the Northern Expedition was summarized by the teacher.
This classmate summed it up very well. The Northern Expedition was able to March successfully because: (1) The Northern Expedition was a just war against imperialism and feudalism; (2) the management policy is correct; (3) Qi Xin, the Kuomintang and the Communist Party joined hands; (4) Close cooperation and active support under the leadership of workers and peasants; (5) The bloody battles of the officers and men of the Northern Expedition and the vanguard and exemplary role of the officers and men.
In the Northern Expedition, the vanguard and exemplary role of * * became one of the important reasons for the successful March of the Northern Expedition. Which student can give some examples in this respect? Do you think the vanguard and exemplary role of * * * members is still being carried forward in today's society? Please give examples from real life to illustrate.
Tips or suggestions: Teachers should give correct guidance and analysis to some incorrect views and examples that students may put forward, and should teach students to look at the mainstream, not to generalize from point to area, so as to prevent students from being blinded by individual violations of laws and regulations in party member and forming wrong ideas and opinions.
It seems that the students are very touched by this problem. Because of the time, we can continue to discuss together after class.
Hint or suggestion: show slides (or projector pictures): the teacher summarizes after the students answer.
The Northern Expedition pushed the national revolution to a climax, so what was the final result of the national revolution? There are two different views on this issue. Please judge which is correct. And explain why.
The little girl's point of view is correct. Because, although the Northern Expedition won a great victory and basically defeated the Beiyang warlords, with the rebel revolution of the Kuomintang Rightists Chiang Kai-shek and Wang Jingwei, the anti-communist and anti-people Nanjing National Government appeared in China. The old warlords were defeated and a new Kuomintang warlord headed by Chiang Kai-shek appeared. The new warlords suppressed at home and betrayed the interests of the country and the nation abroad, and they were the representatives of the big landlords and the big bourgeoisie. Therefore, China people's anti-imperialist and anti-feudal democratic revolutionary task has not been completed, China's semi-colonial and semi-feudal social nature has not changed, and the national revolution has finally failed.
So why did the national revolution fail? Please discuss in groups according to the following four materials and analyze the reasons. See which group performs best.
Prompt or suggestion: display: slide (or projector picture): April 12 coup; July 15 coup; In the Northern Expedition, Chen Duxiu's right capitulationism and imperialism destroyed the revolution. After the students answer, the teacher will summarize. Slide show (or projector picture): the reason why the national revolution failed.
By analyzing the above four materials, we can draw the conclusion that the national revolution failed: international imperialism supported the Kuomintang Rightists to rebel and tried its best to destroy the China revolution, and the counter-revolutionary forces greatly exceeded the revolutionary forces; The Kuomintang Rightists constantly created counter-revolutionary coups against the Communist Party and the people, wantonly massacred Communist party member and the revolutionary masses, and seriously weakened the revolutionary forces; Plus China * * * is still in its infancy and lacks struggle experience. * * * Chen Duxiu made another mistake of right capitulationism and gave up the leadership of the revolution, which made it impossible for the enemy to organize effective resistance when it suddenly attacked.
While the national revolution failed, Chiang Kai-shek established the Nanjing National Government. What is the specific situation of this government? What is its essence? After the establishment of this government, which three opposing regimes have emerged in China? Please read this part before you answer, and see who has the fastest response.
Third, the establishment of Nanjing National Government.
Hint or suggestion: Presentation: Slide (or look at the pictures on page 53 of the textbook): Two pictures: "party member in detention and the revolutionary masses" and "The Kuomintang is slaughtering the revolutionary volunteers". After the students answer, the teacher will summarize.
1927 The Nanjing National Government represented the interests of the big landlords and the big bourgeoisie. After the founding of old China, the Wuhan National Government of Wang Jingwei, the Nanjing National Government of Chiang Kai-shek and the Beiyang Warlord Government of Zhang stood in three pillars. Later, Wuhan National Government and Nanjing National Government merged, and the merged Nanjing National Government carried out the Northern Expedition. Zhang Xueliang, a young marshal, surrendered to the Nanjing National Government from the interests of the country and the nation, ending the confrontation among the three regimes. Nanjing National Government suppressed at home and betrayed the country abroad. It was not until 1949 that it was overthrown by the People's Liberation Army led by China, ending its 22-year reactionary rule in Chinese mainland.
(3) class summary
Ballad is one of the interesting ways to condense knowledge points. Please use it flexibly in your future study. The following is my summary of this lesson, and I will communicate with my classmates in the form of ballads.
Sun Yat-sen opened a family, and the Kuomintang and the Communist Party cooperated to form a family. With the help of the Soviet Union and the Communist Party of China (CPC), the Whampoa Military Academy was established.
The two parties joined hands in the Northern Expedition to resist imperialism and protect the country. Qi northern expedition, fighting warlords, Wu, Zhang and Sun were basically defeated.
Chiang Kai-shek and Wang Kai broke up because of their treachery and started their own businesses. Internal repression and slaughter, internal and external collusion are powerful.
The Communist Party of China (CPC) was young and strong, and the national revolution failed.
(d) investigation park
According to your past experience and what you have learned today, please discuss in groups after class to explore the similarities and differences between the Second Revolution, the National Protection Movement, the French Protection Movement and the Northern Expedition led by Sun Yat-sen.