1, greening-plants planted by human beings for agricultural production, reducing natural disasters, improving sanitary conditions and beautifying the environment can all be called greening.

2. Green land-any land where plants grow, whether natural plants or artificially cultivated, including agricultural, forestry, animal husbandry and garden land, can be called green land.

3. Garden-The concept of garden is different from greening. Garden has different concepts in different historical periods and different countries.

(1) Gardens in class society;

A gardens and houses in slave society and feudal society are combined to serve the exploiting classes such as slave owners, emperors and bureaucrats.

B, capitalist social gardens-started the division of labor, private residential green space and its public green space.

C, socialist garden green space-serving the broad masses of the people, it includes special garden green spaces such as residential areas, industrial areas, institutions, schools, convalescent areas and public green spaces such as squares, roads, gardens, parks, children's parks, sports parks, zoos and botanical gardens.

Garden is a beautiful natural environment and recreational environment created in a certain area by engineering and technical means, such as transforming the terrain, planting flowers and trees, building buildings and arranging garden roads. It includes: gardens, homesteads, gardens, parks, botanical gardens, zoos, etc. It also includes: forest parks, scenic spots, nature reserves or national parks and resorts.

Second, the contents of the landscape architecture project:

Landscape engineering: 1), earthworks; 2), waterscape project; 3), greening project; 4), rockery project; 5), paving engineering; 6), garden water supply and drainage engineering; 7), garden power supply lighting project.

Landscape engineering: 1), foundation and foundation engineering; 2), wall column engineering; 3), ground and floor engineering; 4), roofing engineering; 5), decoration engineering.

Third, the greening project content:

Including: arbor and shrub planting project, big tree transplanting project and lawn project.

1, planting of trees and shrubs:

(1) Scope of application: planting trees below 10cm, evergreen trees below 3.5m and shrubs below 2.5m.. ..

(2) Planting time:

Planting trees in spring: thaw the soil before germination.

Planting trees in rainy season: generally, it stops growing in spring and does not start growing in autumn, especially in rainy season in July.

Planting trees in autumn: the time from defoliation to soil sealing (late June 65438+1October-10/late October165438+1October), sometimes autumn projects are linked with winter and spring projects.

2, the construction organization:

(1) Preparation before construction:

A, understand the design intent before construction, and the design and related personnel shall make disclosure to the construction unit, including design requirements, cooperation mode, project budget, fixed-point basis and related issues to be explained.

B, before construction, must do a good job in the coordination of related construction. If the pipeline coordination is complicated and there are many construction obstacles, the design and construction department should hold a site meeting with relevant units to solve related problems.

C, after on-site investigation before construction, understand the water source, soil source, etc., and then prepare the construction plan and plan, and technical disclosure of operation procedures.

D, before construction, must carry out the seedlings, grass seeds, seedlings or by the specialist is responsible for the seedlings, labor sources, materials and mechanical transportation, at the same time, fixed-point pay-off. After the fixed-point pay-off, it shall be inspected by the designer and relevant personnel of Party A. ..

3, the construction method:

(1) The greening foundation project is treated by flowing water construction technology, that is, underground objects and construction waste are treated-soil replacement-site leveling-topography and water treatment according to the design requirements of construction drawing elevation.

(2) The greening project adopts the project manager responsibility system, and the project manager is appointed by the company, and then the project manager cooperates to form the main members of the project and organize the construction project.

4, construction procedures:

Arrange the site according to the construction drawing-arrange rockery stones-plant trees and shrubs-decorate flowers-install garden lights-plant lawns.

5, the construction schedule:

(1) The greening project will be carried out after the completion of some (or all) roads and hydropower projects.

(2) Time limit: All greening projects shall be completed according to the requirements of contract time limit and construction drawing, and the varieties, specifications, quantity and quality of green seedlings shall be required.

6. Seedling quality standard: (attached)

(1) Select seedlings, flowers, lawns and grass seeds according to the standard of improved varieties and strong seedlings, and carry out construction in strict accordance with the technical regulations for tree planting.

(2) Requirements for all-green seedlings: excellent varieties with robust growth, full tree shape, no pests and diseases, underdeveloped roots and appropriate height-diameter ratio, and strong seedlings.

Four, in order to ensure the survival rate of green seedlings must do the following;

1, seedling selection: it must meet the conditions of improved varieties and strong seedlings.

2, seedling quality standards;

(1) The root system of bare-rooted trees is 8- 10 times that of DBH, and the height of shrubs is about one third.

(2) The soil ball of evergreen trees can be determined as 7- 10 times of DBH or about one-third of the tree height, and the soil ball of boxwood is about one-half of the tree height.

3, technical requirements:

(1) Bare-rooted seedlings: raise seedlings according to the specified root system, dig to a certain depth, then dig the bottom inward, cut off the roots, put down the trees, saw off the thick roots with a saw, and apply preservatives.

(2) Evergreen trees and shrubs with soil balls.

A, before digging the original seedlings, close the crown with straw rope, and draw a circle with the trunk as the center, which is used for the size of roots and soil balls.

B, dig trenches outside the circle, and the trench width shall be subject to the operation. If the soil ball is scattered and cracked in the process of digging, use a straw rope to pass through the soil ball for 5-6 times, and then dig down. Make an apple-shaped clay ball.

C, more than 50cm soil ball should play support.

4, dig a hole quality standards:

(1) Determines the position of the point. The pit diameter should be 20-30cm larger than the root system or soil ball. Pits are mainly circular, and the size of pits should be consistent, not big and small, or small and big. The depth should be deeper than the root or soil ball 15-20cm, and the topsoil and subsoil should be separated.

(2) In case of poor soil and excellent soil containing lime, the pit diameter should be increased to 1-2, and the soil should be changed.

(3) If underground pipelines, cables and other facilities are found during the excavation, the excavation shall be stopped and reported to relevant leaders in time to solve the problem.

5, seedling loading and unloading transportation, should pay attention to the problem:

(1) In the process of loading, unloading and transportation, it is necessary to ensure that the roots and soil balls are intact, the main branches and side branches are not broken, and the bark is not scraped to protect the roots.

(2) Before loading, the vehicle escort or the person in charge of tree purchase shall carefully check and verify the tree species, specifications, quality and quantity required by the seedling purchase contract before loading, and the seedling purchase personnel shall escort them to the construction site with the vehicle.

(3) When transporting open-field seedlings, the roots should be forward and slightly backward, neatly packed, and straw bags should be placed in the trunk to avoid grinding the trunk and not supporting trees. After installation, the trunk should be tied with a rope, and the rope should be padded with straw bags to avoid strangling the bark. Cover the seedlings with grass or canvas awning, and transport the roots of the seedlings for a long distance with water or transpiration agent.

(4) Seedlings with soil balls should be shaded with soil balls.

(5) After the seedlings are transported to the construction site, the bare shrubs should be unloaded in the order of up and down. It is not allowed to push the whole vehicle down. Seedlings with 40cm soil balls should be unloaded directly with the soil balls in their hands. When unloading the soil ball over 50cm, open the trunk and put it on the board, and the soil ball will slide down from the board. The soil ball should not be broken or scattered. Stand upright and steady, plant in time, and spray water according to the climate to keep the ground moist.

6, planting quality standards:

(1) Pruning: When planting, appropriate pruning should be carried out to meet the natural tree shape and design requirements. Poplar trees with obvious trunk should keep the trunk of the central leadership growing upright, and the branch point is higher, which is 1/2- 1/3 of the height of ordinary trees in parks and green spaces. The branch point of street trees should be 2.2-2.8m high, and the shrub pruning should keep its natural tree shape. When cutting short, the tree should be kept low outside and high inside, the branches should be kept dense outside and sparse inside, and withered, sick and broken branches should be cut off.

(2) The planting position should comply with the design requirements, the trees should be tall and short, the trunk diameter should be reasonable, and they should be arranged neatly. The gross difference of the trunk should not exceed half of the trunk, and the height of adjacent trees should not exceed 50cm. Planting soil should be filled in layers and the depth should be reasonable. Generally speaking, trees should be flush with the original soil. People should not plant trees 5cm deeper than the original soil, and the packaging materials for planting trees with soil balls should be taken out.

7, planting operation method:

(1) For tall trees, pruning should be done before the seedlings are scattered. Trees and shrubs with a height of less than 3m and no obvious main tip can be pruned after planting, and the thinning shears should be flush with the trunk to ensure the neatness and beauty after planting. Pay attention to leaving outer buds when cutting short. The cutting position should be appropriate, generally about 1cm away from the bud, and the cutting position should be slightly inclined or horse-ear-shaped. Preservatives should be applied to the pruning of large branches over 2cm, which can promote the overgrowth and prevent the damage of pests and rain. Trim the roots of bare seedlings and cut the straw rope of seedlings with soil.

(2) Seeding: Bare-rooted seedlings should be dug and transported to sow seeds, and the root exposure time should be shortened as much as possible to facilitate survival; For trees with soil balls, attention should be paid to protecting the integrity of the soil balls, and the soil balls should roll as much as possible. Soil balls under 50 cm can be put in the pit. Soil balls over 50 cm should be placed in into the pit at one time, but the depth should be reasonable.

(3) Whether the pit size and depth are consistent with the pit diameter required by the specifications and standards of root system and soil ball before planting and shearing; When planting bare-rooted trees, the roots should be stretched, and the roots should be filled with topsoil or good soil after standing upright, and the depth should comply with the regulations; When planting trees with soil balls, try to lift the straw rope into the pit to set a good position, then cut out the straw rope and straw bag, and then fill the soil steadily to avoid damaging the soil balls.

(4) Evergreen trees and tall trees with larger specifications should be planted and buried with branches with a depth of 30cm. The branches should be tied tightly. Don't let the branches come into direct contact with the trunk, so as not to wear out the bark. The direction of the branches should be downwind.

8, watering, intertillage, weir sealing

(1) watering: it must be watered once immediately or within 8 hours after planting, twice after 2 days and the third time after 5- 10. Planting trees in autumn, if you start late, you can water them less once, but the water should be sufficient.

(2) intertillage: after watering for three times, intertillage should be done in time to make the soil breathable and raise the ground temperature, which is beneficial to the survival of trees.

(3) Weir sealing: pile up15-20cm high or 20-30cm high around the trunk outside the tree pit.

(4) Spraying water or anti-transpiration agent on leaves, ground and roots.