Li gave birth to this son, and was made a prince in the second year of Tianxi. After Song Zhenzong died, the prince succeeded to the throne for Song Renzong. Song Renzong, who reigned for 42 years, was the longest-serving emperor in the Song Dynasty and the first emperor to win the title of Renzong Hall in China history. His posthumous title is "Wen Sheng Xiao Ming". "Temple name" is the name used by the ancient emperors of China to worship in the temple, which originated in Shang Dynasty. In addition to the temple name, after the death of the emperor, the court will give him another title, either praise or demotion, according to what he did before his death. This title is called "posthumous title". When addressing, the name of the temple often comes before posthumous title.
Traditionally, emperors who died before the Tang Dynasty were referred to as posthumous title for short, such as Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty and Emperor Wen of the Sui Dynasty, instead of temple names. After the Tang Dynasty, because posthumous title was too long, the temple names were changed, such as Emperor Taizong and Song Taizu. Although the choice of the temple name does not strictly refer to the funeral ceremony, it also has the meaning of praise and criticism, such as Taizu and Gaozu referring to the founding of the country; Taizong refers to carry forward; Sai-jo, Saint-zu and Cheng-zu refer to a new era. Renzong is the king of benevolence ... (Welcome to search WeChat official account, Kyushu culture and see more wonderful articles)
As the fourth emperor of the Song Dynasty, Song Renzong was indeed a benevolent monarch. He treats people kindly and generously, advocates frugality and can strictly restrain himself.
Renzong's kindness is reflected in his concern for the people all over the world, in his treatment of the guilty courtiers and scholars below, and in his attitude towards courtiers. He once wrote a letter suggesting that the local government send medicine to the lonely and sick people in the world. When floods, earthquakes, locusts and other disasters occurred in a certain place, he prayed to heaven secretly or stood barefoot in front of the main hall. He also took measures such as helping the poor, burying the dead, giving money to his family members, reducing taxes, and cleaning up those officials who were greedy for money and did not love the people.
In late spring, Injong took a walk in the Imperial Garden. After walking for a while, people around him found that Injong turned around frequently, but he didn't say anything and didn't know what it meant. When he returned to the palace, he quickly said to the maid-in-waiting, "I'm dying of thirst." Please bring me water to drink. " The maid-in-waiting asked him why he didn't drink water outside, but he had to endure it for so long. Renzong replied: "I looked back many times, but I didn't see the eunuch on duty in charge of tea, and it was inconvenient to ask, because I would be punished if I asked, so I went home thirsty."
One day, while Renzong was eating, he suddenly bit a grain of sand and had a terrible toothache. He quickly spat it out, and did not forget to say to the maid-in-waiting beside him, "Don't tell anyone that I ate sand, which is a capital crime!" "
At that time, a juren in Sichuan wrote a poem to the Chengdu magistrate, "Burn the sword gate to the plank road, and Xichuan is not dry." This is an anti-poem advocating independence. The magistrate immediately tied people to Beijing and stated the matter in the above table. Injong laughed and thought it was a sign that an old juren was eager to be an official. He doesn't need to be punished, so he can join the army as a steward in a small place. It is said that this juren died of shame less than a year after taking office.
And Bao Zheng, a famous upright official in the Song Dynasty. After Injong could not refuse Zhang Guifei's request to promote her mother's uncle Ren Xuanhui and announced his appointment in court, he strongly opposed it and was impassioned. Being close to Injong, he spit on Injong's face. In the end, Injong withdrew his appointment, and it was not his fault at all.
Wang Su, an admonition officer, advised Renzong not to get close to women, for fear that your majesty would be confused by women. So Renzong ordered eunuchs to give each woman who was sent to the palace 300 crowns, and then immediately sent them out of the palace. Injong released maids twice in four years, with 265, 438+04 and 236 respectively.
Su Zhe, one of the famous "Three Sus" in the Song Dynasty, took the Jinshi exam and criticized Renzong for sitting on thousands of concubines, singing, dancing and drinking every day, having fun and ignoring state affairs. The examiner told Su Zhe that the emperor had nothing to do with it and wanted to depose him for investigation. Renzong said: "I set up the imperial examination, and I am a person who dares to speak." Although Su Shi's official position is humble, he is so outspoken and should be admitted. "
Renzong also told ministers many times not to abuse the death penalty, and once sentenced to death, he should report it to the emperor for careful consideration. In this way, more than 1000 people avoid being sentenced to death every year.
He is kind and generous to people, but he is strict with himself and always disciplined. He often wears washed clothes, and the fabric of bedding is mostly cotton. Once a minister suggested that the old land of Jade Qing be used as an imperial garden, but Renzong said, "I inherited the garden of my late emperor, but I still feel that the place is very large. Why should I do this? "
One night, Injong suddenly became hungry. He wanted to eat roast mutton, but there was no ready-made, so he gave up and didn't spread the fire in the chef. Injong's idea is that if this is the beginning, then the chef will kill the sheep every night for a rainy day, which is too extravagant and wasteful. Moreover, "how can you start killing endlessly because of a temporary hunger?"
Another night in the palace, Renzong heard the sound of silk and bamboo and laughter and asked the maid-in-waiting, "Where are we having fun here?" The maid-in-waiting told him that he came from a folk restaurant and complained a little: "It's not as cold as my palace when it's so happy outside." Renzong said, "Zhihu? It is because the palace is so cold and cheerless that it is so happy outside. If I am happy, it will be deserted outside. "
Such a benevolent Sect also pursues a moderate policy in foreign relations. Xixia people invaded the border, but Song Jun just drove them out of the border. Liao people assisted Xixia in attacking the Song Dynasty, and Fu Bi, the minister of Injong School, negotiated. He volunteered to be "blackmailed" and obtained Liao's help to attack Xixia in the Song Dynasty. After Khitan betrayed the Covenant and Renzong appointed Fan Zhongyan to lead the army to defeat them, in order to maintain peace between the two sides, Renzong agreed to increase the annual currency. (Welcome to WeChat search to talk about Kyushu culture and WeChat official account, and see more exciting articles. )
Song Renzong often said, "Militants die, and those who forget the war are in danger. Those who don't forget are the kings of the world. " That is, if you don't like war, but you are not afraid of it, you can rule the world. In his view, war is to save, out of benevolence and righteousness, not to bring disaster.
During the 42 years of Song Renzong's rule, the country was relatively stable, ministers were sympathetic, the economy was prosperous, and science, technology and culture were greatly developed. During this period, six of the eight great poets in Tang and Song Dynasties appeared: Ouyang Xiu, Su Xun, Su Shi, Su Zhe, Ceng Gong and Wang Anshi. The world's earliest paper money-"Guan Jiao Zi" was born, and movable type printing also appeared ... Historians called Song Renzong a "saint".
1063, Song Renzong died at the age of 54. After the news of his death came out, the whole country mourned. "Shi Jing went on strike and cried in the hutongs for several days, but beggars and children burned paper money and cried in front of ouchi." The smoke of burning paper money in Luoyang pervades the whole city, so that the sun has no light. Even people in remote areas mourn in Dai Xiao.
What is even more surprising is that when his obituary was sent to the northern enemy Liao, "people in the territory of Yan, no matter far or near, were crying." Lu Ye Hongji, a Taoist priest in Liao Dynasty, wept bitterly. "I didn't learn military revolution for 42 years." He even bowed down in shock and said, "If I was born in China, I would be worried about it! " "
Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty once said, "The three emperors I admire most in my life, besides Grandpa Kangxi and Emperor Taizong, are Song Renzong." "Zuo Zhuan" said: "Being a gentleman stops at benevolence." Song Renzong was such an emperor.
References:
Song Shi
Dong Xuan's record
Record of North Window
Old news of Qu Yan
Notes on Lushuiyan