Westernization movement, also known as self-help movement and self-improvement movement. It was a self-help movement carried out by the Westernization School in the late Qing Dynasty in 19, 60-90 to safeguard the rule of the Qing Dynasty and introduce western military equipment, machine production and science and technology. The slogan of the Westernization Movement was "self-improvement" in the early stage and "seeking wealth" in the later stage.

Although the Westernization Movement did not make China rich and strong for more than 30 years, it introduced advanced western science and technology, which led to the emergence of the first batch of modern enterprises in China and objectively promoted the emergence and development of Chinese national capitalism.

Second, the Reform Movement of 1898.

The Reform Movement of 1898, also known as the Reform Movement of 1898, the Reform Movement and the Reform Movement, is a bourgeois reform movement represented by Kang Youwei and Liang Qichao in the late Qing Dynasty, which advocated learning from the West, advocating science and culture, reforming politics and education systems, and developing agriculture, industry and commerce through Emperor Guangxu.

The Reform Movement of 1898 was a patriotic reform movement, an important political reform in the modern history of China, and also an enlightenment trend of thought, which promoted ideological emancipation, social progress and ideological and cultural development, and promoted the progress of modern China society.

Third, the reform of the monetary system.

1935, the national government abolished the silver standard system and implemented the monetary reform of the paper money system. 1935165438+1October 4th. China has a vast territory, and its monetary system has been very complicated and chaotic, which has seriously affected the circulation and trading of commodities.

It is also not conducive to the development of industrial and agricultural production and the stability of national finance. 1March 933, the national government abolished the two yuan and implemented the silver standard system. Although the monetary system has been reformed, China's monetary system is still very chaotic.

Fourth, land reform.

1September 1947, China * * * Production Party held a national land conference in Xibaipo Village, Shijiazhuang City, Hebei Province, and adopted the Outline of China Land Law, which was promulgated by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on 10/0 in the same year.

1947 1 1 to 12 A magnificent mass movement centered on land reform soon spread in the old liberated areas such as Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia, Jinsui, Shanxi-Chaji, Shanxi-Hebei-Shandong-Henan and East China, semi-old liberated areas such as Northeast China, and Hubei, Henan, Anhui and Jiangsu.

Verb (abbreviation of verb) reform and opening up

Reform and opening-up is a policy of domestic reform and opening-up that China began to implement at the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee in February. China's internal reform began in the countryside.

1978165438+10, Xiaogang village, Fengyang county, Anhui province, implemented the household contract responsibility system of "dividing fields into households and assuming sole responsibility for profits and losses", which opened the curtain of internal reform in China. In cities, the right of independent management of state-owned enterprises has been significantly improved.