In ancient times, peasant toilets were often covered with thatch, so they were also called "latrines" or "latrines". The earliest toilet record in China appeared in the Book of Rites in the Western Zhou Dynasty: "Li Ren Nie Toilet." It is said that the ancients dug the ground to go to the toilet. When the pit was full, they ordered slaves to fill it up and dig a new pit. "Pit toilets" can be said to be the ancestor of toilets in China.
2. all right.
Well "is the ancient name of toilet, also known as" Yan ". According to Zuo Zhuan, in 58 BC1year, Qi Huangong Jiru of the State of Jin "ate, got up, went to the toilet and died. "According to historical records, the court toilets in the Zhou Dynasty have been equipped with leaking wells, and dirt can naturally fall into the pool." "Zhou Li Tianguan" records: "Imperial officials manage the cultivation of Wang Liu's bedroom for his well, except for embarrassment, which stinks. " "
In just eight words, it vividly describes the bizarre situation of Duke Jing of Jin. In the Qing Dynasty's "Examination of Social Customs in Past Dynasties", it said: "Toilets in Shanxi today are dug about six or seven feet deep, which is the same width as them, and two wooden boards are placed horizontally on the threshold, and the shoes are drowned ... Looking down, there is no hope, and it is doubtful that they will stay after promotion." It can be seen that the tragedy of Duke Jing of Jin is due to the simple toilet in the pre-Qin period.
Early western toilets appeared in Mesopotamia plain, and the two river basins were civilized more than 3000 years BC. This is also a fairly simple facility: a hole in the ground leads to a movable jar placed underground. Compared with the field solution, this simple facility has taken the first step of human toilet civilization-putting excrement in an operable range to prevent it from overflowing and improve the settlement environment.
Step 3: Severe pain
According to research, toilets were called toilets, toilets and toilets in Qin and Han Dynasties. "Dry" generally refers to the pigsty in the pre-Qin period, and later refers to pigsty and toilet. As pure agricultural settlers in the ancient civilization of the world, our ancestors mastered the mature manure technology very early. At least at the end of the Warring States period, people found that pig manure and human manure were the best farmyard manure.
As a result, the toilet with pigsty appeared in Qin and Han dynasties-"Gan". That is, when the toilet is built high, there are ladders and ramps for people to go up and down, so that feces can fall into the pigsty below for pigs to eat.
4. Toilet
The mobile toilets in China have a simple and resounding name-"Toilet". Wu, a native of the Southern Song Dynasty, recorded the city appearance of Lin 'an City in Dream: "There are many people in the streets and lanes, and only toilets are used ..." This is the first time that the name "toilet" appeared in China historical materials. It can be seen that the word "toilet" is not imported.
According to legend, Li Guang, a famous soldier in the Han Dynasty, shot and killed a tiger, then cast him into a copper drowning man in the shape of a tiger and peed in it to show his contempt for the tiger. Since then, chamber pot has been dubbed "Tiger". In the Tang Dynasty, because the ancestor of a royal family was called "Li Hu", the disrespectful name was changed to "Ma Zi", which was later commonly known as "toilet".
Using "horse" instead of "tiger" means that "tiger" has the function of defecation and sitting, just like riding a horse. With the development of the times, toilets have gradually become the protagonist of toilets, and the toilets of royal dignitaries in past dynasties are extremely luxurious.
"Miscellanies of Xijing" records that the court in the Han Dynasty made "Wu" out of jade, which was held by attendants to facilitate the emperor to take it at any time. By the end of the Han Dynasty, the closed toilets used by emperors reached their peak in modeling and etiquette. When they go to the toilet, they not only have to change clothes, but also burn incense, and there are many waiters beside them. More is to spread charcoal ash made of fragrant wood under the toilet, which exhausted the imagination of deodorization and noise elimination.
5. "Road toilets" and "All toilets"
In ancient China, Zhou Li was the first to mention public toilets, and called them "roadside toilets". In the Han Dynasty, urban public toilets were called "Du toilets". At that time, the public toilets were already managed by special personnel. "Mozi Banner" once described the public toilets in the Han Dynasty as follows: "There is a screen outside the road, with a circumference of 30 steps, and the wall height is generally above 12 feet."
The public toilet unearthed from the Eastern Han Tomb in Nanyang, China, has two pits side by side for men and women. There is a urinal in front of one pit and no pit, and its shape is no different from that of modern times.
Resources People's Daily Online-History of Toilet: After thousands of years of evolution, people in China use "toilet chips" to wipe dirt.