1, Westernization Movement: economically stimulated the emergence of national capitalism, facilitated the disintegration of the natural economy and promoted the modernization process of China; Politically, it caused a new class-the confrontation between the national bourgeoisie and feudal forces; Ideological impact on conservative ideas, creating conditions for the spread of western learning; In addition, it has had a positive impact on the military and education.

2. The Reform Movement of 1898: The bourgeois reformers represented by Kang Youwei and Liang Qichao launched this reform, but Guangxu, the feudal ruler, wanted to seize power from Lafayette and save the nation from peril, so he supported the reform and personally promulgated the imperial edict. In the end, it failed because of the obstruction and destruction of the stubborn conservative forces represented by Cixi and Rong Lu, but it was also a self-help movement of the feudal ruling class.

3. The New Deal in the late Qing Dynasty and the "Preparatory Constitutionalism": The "New Deal" presided over by the rulers in the late Qing Dynasty and the anti-Qing revolutionary movement led by Sun Yat-sen, the pioneer of modern democratic revolution, were two major events in the same historical time and space, which had great influence on later generations.

Extended data:

The Economic Significance of the Reform in the Late Qing Dynasty

From the twenty-seventh year of Guangxu (190 1) to the founding of the Republic of China, there were many unfavorable factors restricting economic development: powerful and privileged foreign capital; Heavy taxes such as lijin; Corruption of government officials caused by the lag of political system reform; Social unrest caused by unexpected events such as the Russo-Japanese War; Wait a minute. But the national economy still has a good performance.

During the period of 1895- 19 13, the national capital industry developed at an average annual rate of 15%, which was slightly higher than that during the period when the great powers had no time to look east. Other economic undertakings have also developed smoothly.

The main one is that the government will no longer foolishly adhere to the monopoly economy of government-run or government-supervised commerce, foster and reward private capital, and establish a free market economic system; Coupled with low wages and raw materials; Broad market; These favorable factors are enough to offset the negative factors brought by other institutional defects (such as corruption and extremely low government efficiency).

From the first year of the Republic of China (19 12) to the outbreak of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, wars continued and society was in turmoil. But on the whole, the economy continues to develop at a high speed. 1912-1936 despite several world-wide economic crises, especially the economic crisis that began in 1929, China's industry is still growing at an average annual rate of 9.2% (mainly light industry).

1912-1930, even higher than 13.8%. The reason is that Beiyang government inherited the economic freedom system of the New Deal in the late Qing Dynasty and improved it. Although the Kuomintang began to support the feudal comprador bureaucratic capital after it came into power in 1927, it was not enough to monopolize the national economy.

Baidu Encyclopedia-New Deal in Late Qing Dynasty

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