Teaching objectives:
1, recite the full text and cultivate students' reading ability in classical Chinese.
2. Understand the author's three suggestions for the late master.
3. Learn a writing method that integrates discussion, narration and lyricism.
4. Understand the general knowledge of "table" and the usage of "one".
Teaching time: two hours.
first kind
Teaching steps:
First, solve problems and introduce new courses.
A model is an article written by Zhuge Liang to Liu Chan, the son of Liu Bei. Zhuge Liang, with a compound surname of Zhuge, was a famous politician and strategist at that time.
In the fifth year of Jianxing (the title of Liu Chan, the ruler of the post-Shu Dynasty), Zhuge Liang set out for the Northern Expedition in order to accomplish the great cause of unifying the whole country by former emperor Liu Bei. The late ruler Liu Chan was incompetent. Usually, national affairs, big or small, depend entirely on Zhuge Liang. In order to eliminate the worries of the northern expedition, Zhuge Liang wrote this "table", hoping that the domestic politics would be clear and the home front would be stable, so as to realize his plan of "northern expedition to the Central Plains".
Model is a masterpiece of "model" since the end of Han dynasty, and it is a good article that makes people move. His writing has always been admired by future generations. Lu You once praised: "A teacher shows his real world, who is better than a thousand years."
Table, an ancient style, is a memorial for courtiers to express their feelings and petitions to the emperor.
Second, guide reading the text.
(1) Pronunciation:
Weaknesses (b √) Your Majesty (b √) Magnificence (zh √ p ǐ ng) Stiffness (nù dù n) made up for the shortcomings (bù qu ù n) 23
② Learning paragraphs 1 and 2.
1, read the text in combination with the notes in the text and add the following notes:
Weakness: a metaphor for the weakness and poverty of a country.
Autumn: extended to the critical moment.
Gai: The initial auxiliary word can be translated as "original".
Self-belittle: it means to underestimate yourself too much.
Advice: Be loyal to the emperor's advice. Advising, reading, giving advice to the emperor, giving him advice.
Zhao: Read, show, show.
Punishment: nouns are used flexibly as verbs to punish and be punished.
Light: nouns are used flexibly as verbs and carried forward.
Zang No: Adjectives are used flexibly as verbs, with both praise and disparagement.
Magnificent: adjectives are used flexibly as verbs to expand and develop.
2. Paragraph 1 of the guiding analysis.
(1) Question: What did the author point out about Shu at that time? What was Zhuge Liang's first suggestion to Liu Chan?
This sincere autumn is also crucial; Open the sacred hearing (open the way)
(2) The connection between the extended meaning of the leading words and "one".
Investigate the usage of the preposition "Yi" ── Analyze the usage of "Yi" as a conjunction when expressing the meaning of "Yong, Ba, Na and Ping". The purpose of "opening a holy meeting" is to inherit the virtue with light, and "receiving" can be translated as "using" and "using".
The result of "belittling yourself" is "the road of loyalty and forgiveness", and the connection between "and" can be translated as "so that"
When "one" is used as a conjunction, most sentences are connected together, and there is a logical relationship between sentences. Pay attention to "punctuation" when reading aloud.
3. Paragraph 2 of the guiding analysis.
Question: What's another suggestion the author gives Liu Chan here?
It is not appropriate to punish people with similarities and differences-rewards and punishments are clear
4. Learn paragraphs 3-5.
1), add the following note:
So the inversion of "yes".
Hate: sadness, regret, attention and the difference between modern Chinese.
Therefore, when expressing causal conjunctions, we should pay attention to the differences with modern Chinese.
Waiting days: time is not long, only a handful.
Shi Liang: A kind and honest man, he can use adjectives as verbs flexibly.
Pro-virtuous minister, far villain: pro, near; It's far. Are adjectives used flexibly as verbs?
Que: pass "lack", shortcomings.
2) What is the author's third suggestion to Liu Chan?
"I am a relative, but I am a distant villain."
The first part is a summary.
The three suggestions put forward by Zhuge Liang are the principles and plans of governing the country, especially the third point, "Close to sages, far from villains", which the author repeatedly emphasized. These three principles are still correct today and can be used for reference.
Fourth, homework
Recite the first part
Second lesson
First, check the import.
Second, learn the second part.
1, guide reading paragraphs 6 and 7.
2. Add the following notes:
Plough: cultivate by yourself. Bow, body, here is a noun as an adverbial.
Wen Da: Famous.
Exhaustion: hope is exhausted. Ordinary, reading, conjunctions, expressing hope.
Drive chi: the original meaning is riding forward, and here it is extended to running and serving.
Invalid delegation: the assigned task is not completed. The verb is used flexibly as a noun to refer to something entrusted.
Second: Since then.
3. Thinking: What do the two paragraphs mainly express? What is the object and content of the narrative?
These two paragraphs mainly trace back to the experience of 2 1 year, state the reasons for starting a business, and express the desire to report the loyalty of the late emperor to His Majesty. The way of expression is to express feelings in the narrative. For example, in the sixth paragraph, after describing his life ambition and the reasons for repaying his gratitude, the author used such emotional words as "I was ordered to be in danger when I was defeated, and I have been here for twenty years", which not only highly summarized his difficult course of following and serving the former emperor, but also expressed his gratitude and loyalty.
Third, learn the third part.
1, read paragraphs 8 and 9 aloud.
2. Translate paragraphs 8 and 9.
3. What hope does section 8 of the text have for the late master?
I hope the master is strict with the author himself.
Put forward three hopes and strictly demand court officials.
Give hope to the late master himself
Fourth, the characteristics of writing.
The first part of the article is mainly discussion, and the second part is mainly narration. Both the discussion and the narration are infused with the author's feelings of serving the first emperor, being loyal to your majesty, setting the Central Plains in the north and reviving the Han Dynasty. Therefore, the first part is to convince people with reason and talk about Taoism with emotion; The second part is touching, including touching in narrative; The third part is to express determination, ardent expectation, gratitude and farewell. As can be seen from the above analysis, the main feature of this paper is the combination of discussion, narration and lyricism.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) is a summary of the whole text.
This article is a summary, the content is to state opinions and put forward political opinions, so it is mainly discussed. In order to let the post-master know the difficulty of starting a business, the author encouraged him to follow the example of the former emperor, and described his life experience, the reasons for following the former emperor and the process of building the country by himself. At the same time, in the discussion and narration, ardent expectations are everywhere. The full text is convincing, both emotional and emotional.
Distribution of intransitive verbs
1, recite the full text
2, ancient and modern synonyms:
(1) Opening: Today means that the store is open for business or the store trades for the first time every day; The ancient meaning in this article is openness and expansion.
(2) Hate: Today it means deep hatred, and in ancient times it means sadness and regret.
(3) meanness: in the present sense, it refers to poor quality, and in the ancient sense, it refers to low status and poor knowledge.
(4) Gratitude: Today means sincere gratitude, and in ancient times it means being moved and excited.
(5) Caution: Now it means caution, and in ancient times it means seriousness.
(5) Opening: The ancient meaning is expansion, but today it means opening a shop.
(6) Hatred: In ancient times, it meant sadness and regret, but now it means extreme hatred.
(7) meanness: the ancient meaning is humble and vulgar, and the present meaning is bad language behavior.
(8) Gratitude: The ancient meaning touched the efforts, and the present meaning is deeply grateful.
(9) snuff: in ancient times, it means tears, but in modern times, it means snot.
Monosyllabic words have many different meanings in ancient and modern times: first, collapse, disadvantages, honesty, righteousness, nothingness (pǐ), legacy (wèi), stupidity, lack, elegance and so on.