Shang Yang's political reform refers to that after Qin Qin Xiaogong ascended the throne in the Warring States Period, he was determined to reform and ordered the recruitment of talents. Shang Yang entered Qin State from Wei State, and put forward a set of development strategies of reform and innovation, such as abandoning mining fields, emphasizing agriculture and mulberry, rewarding military exploits, and implementing the system of unified counties and counties, which won his trust, made him a leader, and began to reform. After Shang Yang's political reform, Qin's economy developed, and the fighting capacity of the army continued to strengthen, and it developed into the most prosperous feudal country at the end of the Warring States Period.
2. Magellan sailed around the world
Magellan's voyage around the world is a great achievement in the history of world navigation, which was realized by the expedition fleet led by Portuguese navigator Magellan in September 15 19- 1522. The success of Magellan's voyage around the world not only opened up new routes, but also proved that the earth was round through his expedition fleet.
3. Revival
Renaissance refers to the rise of/kloc-0 in Italian cities at the end of March, and then spread to western European countries./kloc-0 prevailed in Europe in the 6th century, bringing a period of scientific and artistic revolution and opening the curtain of modern European history, which is considered as the dividing line between the middle ages and the modern. Marxist historians believe that it is the dividing line between feudalism and capitalism. /kloc-at the end of 0/3 century, some advanced intellectuals in Italy's emerging bourgeoisie carried forward the humanistic spirit through the study of ancient Greek and Roman art and culture and literary creation.
4. Industrial Revolution
The Industrial Revolution, also known as the industrial revolution, originated in central England and refers to the early course of capitalist industrialization, that is, capitalist production has completed the transition from workshop handicraft industry to machine industry. The industrial revolution is a production and scientific and technological revolution in which machines replace manpower and large-scale factory production replaces manual production in individual workshops. Because the invention and application of machines have become the symbol of this era, historians call this era the "machine age". /kloc-in the middle of the 0/8th century, after the Englishman Watt improved the steam engine, a series of technological revolutions caused a great leap from manual labor to power machine production. Then spread to Britain and even the whole European continent,19th century spread to North America.
5. October Revolution
October Revolution (also known as Bolshevik Revolution, Russian Communist Revolution, etc. ) is the second stage after the February revolution of 19 17. The October Revolution took place on1917165438+17 October (julian calendar 65438+125 October). The former Soviet Union and other socialist countries and organizations generally believe that the October Revolution was an armed uprising led by the Bolsheviks under the leadership of Lenin and Trotsky, which established the third proletarian regime in human history-the Soviet regime and the first socialist country led by a Marxist political party (the first was the proletarian regime of the Paris Commune, and the second was the Hungarian Soviet Republic). The revolution overthrew the bourgeois Russian interim government led by kerensky, which laid the foundation for the Russian civil war of 19 18- 1920 and the establishment of the Soviet Union of 1922.
6. The Second Industrial Revolution
After 1870, science and technology developed by leaps and bounds, and various new technologies and inventions emerged one after another, which were quickly applied to industrial production, greatly promoting economic development. This is the second industrial revolution. At that time, the outstanding development of science and technology was mainly manifested in three aspects, namely, the wide application of electric power, the creation of internal combustion engines and new means of transportation, and the invention of new means of communication.
7. Meiji Restoration in Japan
Meiji Restoration refers to the top-down, capitalist, all-round westernization and modernization reform movement carried out by Japan under the background of the impact of western capitalist industrial civilization in the 1960s. This reform began in 1868 when Emperor Meiji established a new government, and the Japanese government carried out modern political reforms and established a constitutional monarchy. Economically, it is necessary to "cultivate and develop industry", learn from European and American technologies and carry out a wave of industrialization; And advocate measures such as "civilization", Europeanization of social life and vigorous development of education. This reform made Japan rank among the world powers and set sail for Japan's modernization, but it also made Japan embark on the militaristic road of foreign aggression and expansion, causing heavy disasters to its Asian neighbors.
8. American Civil War
The Civil War, also known as the American Civil War, was a large-scale civil war in American history. The two sides involved in the war are the United States of America (referred to as the Federation) and the United States of America (referred to as the Confederacy). The war broke out because 1 1 states in the south of the United States withdrew from the union on the grounds that abraham lincoln became president in 186 1, set up a government with Jefferson Davis as the "president", expelled the federal troops stationed in the south, and Lincoln ordered to attack the "rebellious" states. This war not only changed the political and economic situation in the United States at that time, but also led to the final abolition of slavery in the southern United States, which also had a great impact on the later American civil society.
9. World War I
World War I (referred to as World War I for short,1965438+August 2004-1965438+October 2008 10) was a world war that mainly occurred in Europe but spread all over the world. At that time, most countries in the world were involved in this war, which was one of the most destructive wars in European history. The course of the war is mainly the battle between the allies and the allies. China declared war on German and Austrian on August 4th, 2007. The First World War ended with the victory of the Allies, which led to the collapse of the four empires in West Asia and Southeast Europe, the Ottoman Empire in North Africa, the German Empire in Central Europe, the Russian Empire in Eastern Europe and North Asia, and the Austro-Hungarian Empire in Central Europe, and contributed to the establishment of the League of Nations.
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World War II is called World War II for short. 1939 September1-1945 September 2, with axis countries such as Germany, Italy, Japan, fascism, Bulgaria, Hungary and Romania as one side, and anti-fascist alliance and anti-fascist forces all over the world as one side. From Europe to Asia, from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean, there are 6/kloc-0 countries and regions, and more than 2 billion people are involved in the war, with a combat area of 22 million square kilometers. According to incomplete statistics, the war caused more than 90 million military and civilian casualties and wasted more than 4 trillion US dollars. World War II ended with the United States, the Soviet Union, China, Britain and other anti-fascist countries and the people of the world defeating the fascist aggressors and winning world peace and progress.
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