Conquest and plunder of blood and fire: early colonial expansion
Knowledge structure
First, Dutch colonial expansion:/kloc-sea coachman in the 0/7th century
Background: ① Superior geographical location and commercial tradition. (2) the impact of the opening of new routes. (3) The Netherlands got rid of Spanish colonial rule and established the bourgeois Dutch Republic in 158 1. Spain was defeated by Britain and declined. ⑤ The shipbuilding industry is developed.
Features: Colonial expansion is closely related to foreign trade, and the establishment of large commercial companies is an important means for the Dutch in international competition.
Process: ① In Asia, the Netherlands invaded Java and Jakarta successively; Malacca and Ceylon were seized from Portugal and occupied a dominant position in local trade; ② In Africa, in the middle of17th century, the Netherlands captured the Cape of Good Hope at the southern tip of Africa. (3) In East Asia, Dutch colonists once invaded our territory, Taiwan Province Province, and established a trading post in Nagasaki. (4) In America, the Netherlands is also carrying out colonial activities. ⑤/KLOC-In the first half of the 7th century, the Netherlands replaced Spain and Portugal to become the world's largest trading power and colonial empire, and was known as the "sea coachman". /kloc-in the second half of the 0/7th century, Britain and the Netherlands fought three wars. As a result, Britain acquired the Dutch North American colony. Since then, the Netherlands has lost its status as a big European country.
Second, the British colonial expansion:
Reason: A material basis: the pursuit of nationalism and enclosure movement and the developed capitalist economy are the main reasons for winning overseas colonial activities. B Root: After the British bourgeois revolution, the advanced political system was the fundamental reason for the victory. Armed support: established one of the most powerful navies in Europe. D. Ideology: After the Reformation, the British Puritans' strong personal struggle and enterprising spirit, as well as the progress and liberation of their ideological and cultural consciousness, were also important reasons for their victory.
Features: using private colonial companies as tools; Colonial hegemony was indeed achieved through colonial wars.
Process: ①/kloc-in the 6th century, Britain was unable to compete with Spain and Portugal. During this period, maritime activities were characterized by general maritime trade and pirates robbing and selling black slaves.
(2) 1588, Britain defeated Spain's "Armada", and the developed Netherlands established its maritime hegemony.
(3) 165 1 Promulgate a maritime organization to compete with the Netherlands. In the three wars of 1652- 1674, Britain defeated the Netherlands and captured the new Dutch colony in North America.
(4)/kloc-In the 8th century, there were many wars between Britain and France. In the last seven years' war, Britain defeated France, signed the Paris Peace Treaty and established the world colonial hegemony.
Third, the main ways of early colonial expansion: barbaric plunder, cruel slaughter, slave trade and unequal trade.
Fourth, the evaluation of colonial expansion and plunder: it is the main way to form the capitalist world market.
(1) brutally seizing colonies and establishing overseas commodity markets is one of the early manifestations of capitalist greed. With the development of colonial expansion, the capitalist world market has been further expanded, and more and more places in the world have been brought into the capitalist world market system. The formation of the world market is based on the barbaric expansion and colonial plunder of western powers.
(2) Colonial expansion is an important foundation for the economic development of European capitalist countries: through colonial expansion, Western Europe gained the inflow of wealth, the market of raw materials and industrial products, and a large number of slaves became the labor force of American plantations.
③ It aggravated the poverty and backwardness of the colonies and forced these areas to be involved in the process of world modernization.