Cao Cao, one of the eight captains of Xiyuan, once assassinated Dong Zhuo alone. After his failure, he joined forces with Yuan Shao to crusade against Dong Zhuo, and then developed his own power alone. Throughout his life, he defeated Yuan Shu, Lu Bu, Zhang Xiu, Yuan Shao, Liu Biao, Zhang Lu, Ma Chao and other separatist forces to unify the North. However, in the campaign of south expedition to Jiangdong, Cao Cao was defeated in Chibi. Later, in the battle with Shu Han for Hanzhong, Cao Cao failed again. Cao Cao never proclaimed himself emperor. Shortly after his death, Xelloss proclaimed himself emperor and made Cao Cao emperor of Wei Wu.
Cao Cao's image in history is not very good. To put it mildly, he is a traitor; to put it bluntly, he is a traitor or even a traitor. But Mr. Lu Xun said he was a hero. Mr. Wang said in the article "Wei and Jin demeanor and the relationship between articles and medicinal liquor": "Cao Cao is a very capable person, at least a hero. Although I am not a client of Cao Cao, I always admire him anyway. "
There are three evaluations and three images: hero, traitor and traitor. So, which evaluation is the most accurate?
It is necessary to find out what kind of person the real Cao Cao is in history. It is not easy. Mr. Lu Xun said that reading the romance of the Three Kingdoms and watching the drama of the Three Kingdoms "is not the real way to observe Cao Cao." Reliable, of course, or history books. However, Mr. Wang added: "Historical records and judgments are sometimes extremely unreliable, and there are many untrustworthy places, because usually we know that a certain dynasty is a little longer, and there must be many good people in it; A certain dynasty is short and there are few good people. " Cao Wei's time is very short, so Cao Cao "naturally can't escape the stereotype of being spoken ill of by future generations."
If you say too many bad words, it will become prejudice. Prejudice is passed down from generation to generation, and it is hard to get it back. When it comes to Cao Cao, things are more troublesome. Because the two influential books-Zi Jian and Romance of the Three Kingdoms are not so friendly to Cao. Not to mention the Romance of the Three Kingdoms, which regards Cao Cao as a traitor. In the process of compiling Zi Zhi Tong Jian, many historical materials beneficial to Cao Cao were also deleted. This is actually a "view of the times." Song people probably don't like Cao Cao. Su Dongpo's "Zhi Lin" said that at that time, street storytellers and audiences "heard that Liu Xuande was defeated, frowned frequently, and some people cried; As soon as I heard that Cao Cao was defeated, I was happy to sing. " This is the Northern Song Dynasty. Cao Cao was almost recognized as a "thief" in the Southern Song Dynasty. After Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, Cao Cao's back was basically a curse. There are also good words, not many. By the middle of18th century, Qianlong finally made a decision, and Cao Cao was designated as a "usurper" and could never turn over.
In fact, as early as the Jin Dynasty, there were different opinions on Cao Cao. Wang Shen's "Shu Wei" and Sima Biao's "Continued Han Shu" gave Cao Cao a positive evaluation, and even wrote back; Sun Sheng's Similarities and Differences Miscellaneous Words and Wu Ren's Biography of Cao Zang are not very polite, and there are many disclosures about Cao Cao's cruelty and treachery. Historians in the Eastern Jin Dynasty learned to gnash their teeth, and what's more, they initiated the theory of "usurpation". From this to the Southern and Northern Dynasties and the Sui and Tang Dynasties, there are different opinions in the history circle, and Mr. Zhang Zuoyao's book Comments on Cao Cao has a very detailed description. It can be seen that for Cao Cao, not only the "views of the times" are different, but also the "views of history" are quite different. Coupled with everyone's "personal views", Cao Cao's "true face" is even more difficult to understand.
Cao Cao: In history, Cao Cao's character is very complicated. Chen Shou thinks that Cao Cao is "the first in the history of the Three Kingdoms". "The magic of application and transaction, Han Bai's unique strategy, and the official licensing materials have their own tools, and they are sentimental and don't forget the old evils." Cao Cao has been in charge of the army for more than 30 years, but he can't let go. He must be endowed when he climbs high. He is better at poetry, cursive script and Go. Live frugally and don't pay attention to clothes. Discuss with others, laughing and laughing. "Honor should be rewarded, generous daughter; Nothing can be done, nothing can be done. " He is a first-rate politician, strategist and writer in the history of China. In the Romance of the Three Kingdoms, these good aspects of Cao Cao's character and morality are ignored, while his cruel and treacherous side is exaggerated. Therefore, Luo Guanzhong's Cao Cao is a typical treacherous, cruel, willful and suspicious villain. 、
Lovely adulterer
There is sincerity in treachery, which is precisely a feature of Cao Cao's character. There is no denying that Cao Cao is treacherous, but he also has a frank side, even a lovely side. Let's look at the contradictions in Cao Cao's character.
Let's talk about Cao Cao's treachery first. The best example of Cao Cao's treachery is an incident that happened when he was fighting Yuan Shao. We know that there were three major battles during the Three Kingdoms period. The first battle was between Cao Yuan and Guandu, the second was between Cao Sun and Battle of Red Cliffs, and the third was between Sun Liu and Yiling. Cao Cao's historical position was established after the battle of Guandu. This war is very hard. At that time, the two armies were at loggerheads, and Cao Jun's rations were running out. We know what we are fighting for. Besides fighting bravely, fighting for weapons, fighting for strength and fighting for food is very important. As the saying goes, "the soldiers and horses have not moved, and the food and grass come first." Without food, the war won't start. Cao Cao was actually out of food at this time and was at a loss. At this time, a counselor named Xu You in Yuan Shao's camp suddenly defected to Cao Cao. Cao Cao was overjoyed and "stumbled out". What is a foot? It is barefoot, so what is the reason why Cao Cao came out to meet Xu You at this time? What do you mean? There are two possibilities: one is that he hasn't had time to put on his shoes, and he may be washing his feet. When he heard that Xu You came barefoot, he ran out and was overjoyed. The second possibility is to show respect, because barefoot is respect. We know that after Cao Cao's later high status, Emperor Xian of Han gave Cao Cao a special treatment, which was called "wearing a sword and shoes to the temple". Sword is a sword, so you can wear a sword to see the emperor, and shoes are shoes, which shows that ordinary people can't wear shoes to see the emperor. Can you wear socks? According to your status, people with high status can "go to the table in socks" and walk to the seat in socks. If you are in a lower position, you must go barefoot. So barefoot may be a sign of respect.
So Cao Cao's character does have a treacherous side, but I think his treachery is also forced out in a sense. In such a dangerous environment, if he tells everything, can he still defeat the enemy? He can't help lying. He even got into the habit of telling lies.
Cao Cao is also a warm-hearted. In the war between Cao Cao and Zhang Xiu, his eldest son, Cao Ang, was killed in the battle, and his former rival, Ding Furen, was also devastated. Because Ding Furen is Cao Cao's wife, she can't have children. Cao Cao's concubine gave birth to her eldest son, Cao Ang. After she was born, Cao Ang's mother died, and so did her biological mother, so Cao Ang was handed over to Ding Furen for support. Ding Furen regards this son as his own son and has deep feelings. Cao Ang died in this war, Cao Cao's nephew Cao died, Cao Cao's lover Dian Wei died, and Ding Furen was unwilling. And it's you, the guy who has been hitting on rotten women all day, that killed my son. When Cao Cao is bored, get out and go back to his hometown. Just leave. I will go back to my parents' house. I won't talk to you again. I really went back to my parents' house. After half a year, about a few months later, Cao Cao regretted it and drove to his parents' house to pick up Mrs. Ding. This thing is also very common today. As soon as the young couple quarreled, the wife ran back to her parents' house. It wasn't the last time that the husband laughed it off, said a few nice words and took his wife back. It is not easy for Cao Cao to do this, is it? If you miss Cao Cao's cruel temper, he will do the same to clean up Ding Furen. What does Ding Furen do at home, knitting? After Cao Cao came, she didn't stand up to meet him and ignored him. Cao Cao was bored and walked over: What about weaving? ..... Stop knitting and come home with me. ..... Cao Cao went over and touched Ding Furen's back with his hand: Oh, don't be so short-tempered, baby, will you come home with me? Shall we go home by car? It's important to know this action. This kind of "touching the back" is a kind of love action for women by men. Ding Furen continued to "click" and "click". Cao Cao is very boring: aren't you going back? If I don't go back, I'll leave. Click click. Cao Cao went for a walk and came out. When he walked to the door, he turned his head again: Stop fooling around and come home with me, will you? Click click. Well, it seems that our marriage is over. Forget it. Then find the father-in-law: my father-in-law, I'm sorry for your daughter, but she won't go back with me. Tell you the truth, she is still young, don't let her watch, you marry her and let her remarry.
Think about it. With Cao Cao's heart of stone and vicious temper, it is very, very difficult to do this step, which shows that he is very affectionate. Cao Cao has been very worried about this matter. When Cao Cao died, he said, I have done good things and bad things in my life. There are successes and mistakes. I don't care. There is only one thing, that is, I went underground to Jiuquan, and Zixiu-Zixiu is Cao Ang's word, and Cao Ang's Zixiu refers to Cao Ang-said Zixiu wanted to talk to me when she cried. How many mistakes do you think Cao Cao made in his life? He actually thinks that his biggest mistake is this, which is to make his wife angry! Explain that Cao Cao is a sentient person, a sentient person, and a sentient person. This is the warmth of Cao Cao.
But if you think how gentle Cao Cao is, you are wrong. Cao Cao is very vicious. It can be said that he doesn't know anyone when he turns his face.