I. Land reform
1950, the Central People's Government promulgated the Land Reform Law of the People's Republic of China, abolishing the land system exploited by feudal landlords, implementing farmers' land ownership, liberating rural productive forces, developing agricultural production, and opening the road to industrialization in new China.
Reason: The feudal landlord's land ownership seriously hindered the development of productive forces.
Features: Adopt a policy of protecting rich peasants economically and being politically neutral.
Core content: changing feudal landlord land ownership into peasant land ownership.
Results: Farmers' enthusiasm for production was greatly improved, rural productive forces were liberated and the road to industrialization was opened up.
Second, agricultural cooperation.
From 65438 to 0953, the country began to carry out socialist re-election of agriculture, from agricultural mutual aid groups, primary agricultural production cooperatives to advanced agricultural production cooperatives, and from low-level to high-level development. From 65438 to 0955, the government accelerated the pace of agricultural cooperation, and the whole country set off a climax of agricultural cooperation. By the end of 1956, China had basically completed the socialist transformation of agriculture.
Reason: Small-scale peasant economy is difficult to meet the needs of national economic development.
Core content: change the private ownership of land and other means of production into public ownership and implement collective management.
Results: Rural productivity was further improved.
Third, the people's commune movement
1958, the party rashly launched the people's commune movement, believing that it was the best organizational form to guide farmers to accelerate socialist construction.
Reason: Subjectively, the greater the scale of agricultural cooperation and the higher the degree of public ownership, the more it can promote economic development. Core content: improving the degree of public ownership of means of production, and one-sided emphasis on "one university and two universities" is beyond the level of productivity development.
Results: The accumulation of producers was seriously bruised, which brought serious difficulties to socialist construction.
Fourth, the household contract responsibility system
After the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee, the economic system reform first made a breakthrough in rural areas. Rural areas throughout the country began to implement the household contract responsibility system as the main form, abolishing the old system of people's communes of "one university and two universities".
Reason: The CPC Central Committee correctly summed up the experience and lessons of co-operation and people's communes and made a decision to implement economic system reform.
Core content: adhere to the public ownership of rural land, change the mode of operation, implement family management and be responsible for its own profits and losses.
Results: Farmers' enthusiasm for production was mobilized, rural productivity was liberated and agricultural development was promoted.
The development of agriculture and rural economy has taken on a new look.
When snowflakes are flying all over the sky and the New Year bell rings, people strongly feel the joy of farmers' harvest, and it is hard to forget the rich colors left by the development of agriculture and rural economy in history.
Farmers' income increased by more than 6%
The issue of agriculture, countryside and farmers is the "top priority" of the work of the party and the government, and it is also a social hot spot of great concern to all walks of life. Since 1998, China's grain planting area has been declining year after year, and in 2003 it fell to the lowest level since the founding of the People's Republic of China, with a total grain output of only over 430 billion kilograms. The income growth of farmers has been hovering at a low level for seven consecutive years, and the income gap between urban and rural residents has reached a record high.
In the face of severe challenges, the CPC Central Committee and the State Council made decisive decisions, and party committees and governments at all levels, cadres and workers and hundreds of millions of farmers Qi Xin made concerted efforts. In 2004, agricultural and rural economic work broke through difficulties, and grain production took an important turn, exceeding the task of increasing production put forward at the beginning of the year, and the yield per unit increased by 19 kg, a record high. The regional distribution and variety structure of grain were further optimized. The concentration of dominant rice areas increased by 65438 0.2 percentage points, the proportion of high-quality rice areas increased by 7 percentage points and the proportion of high-quality special wheat areas increased by 5.9 percentage points. Farmers' income grew rapidly, with an actual increase of more than 6%, the highest increase since 1997.
It is very rare that farmers' income from growing grain has increased substantially, as well as the income from aquaculture and characteristic agriculture. The main grain producing areas have realized the synchronous growth of grain output and farmers' income.
In 2004, the number of poor people decreased the most in five years. On the basis of increasing grain production, various undertakings in rural areas have been reported frequently. Grain, cotton and oil, agriculture, animal husbandry and fishery, agricultural machinery, land reclamation and township enterprises have all-round growth; The situation in the main grain producing areas and the main selling areas has obviously improved, the regional differences of farmers' income growth have obviously narrowed, and the main grain producing areas in central China have realized the synchronous development of increasing grain production.
Unforgettable, in early 2004, an outbreak of highly pathogenic avian influenza broke out. In accordance with the unified arrangements of the central authorities, the agricultural sector quickly formulated emergency plans and technical specifications for epidemic handling, guided and helped all localities to respond quickly, resolutely culled, strictly blocked and compulsory immunization. After fighting around the clock for more than 50 days, 49 cases of avian influenza in 16 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) were put out. In this anti-Japanese war, the animal disease prevention and control system has been strengthened, the epidemic prevention team has been trained, and the animal disease prevention and control ability has been significantly improved.
In 2004, the reform of the grain circulation system and taxes and fees was steadily advanced, and important progress was made in social undertakings. Farmers' enjoyment of public services has been greatly improved; Poverty alleviation and development have achieved remarkable results, and the number of poor people has decreased the most in five years. The relationship between cadres and masses in rural areas has improved significantly, showing a new pattern of coordinated development.
Financial support for agriculture increased by nearly 30 billion yuan year-on-year
The CPC Central Committee and the State Council adhered to Scientific Outlook on Development, coordinated urban and rural development, and introduced a series of policies and measures to strengthen agriculture and benefit farmers. In 2004, there were six "firsts" in the central government's policy arrangement for supporting agriculture, namely, for the first time, the general direct subsidy was given to grain farmers; for the first time, the goal of canceling agricultural taxes nationwide was clearly put forward; for the first time, the purchase and sale of grain and market prices were liberalized nationwide; the national high-quality grain industry project was implemented for the first time; for the first time, part of the land transfer fee was explicitly used for agricultural land development; and for the first time, the wages of migrant workers and land acquisition compensation were paid nationwide.
At the beginning of 2004, after a lapse of 18, the central government again issued the document 1 on agricultural issues, put forward 22 policies and measures to increase farmers' income in nine aspects, and decided to gradually reduce the agricultural tax rate, cancel the agricultural specialty tax except tobacco leaves, and implement three policies: direct subsidies for grain farmers, subsidies for improved varieties and subsidies for the purchase of large agricultural machinery. Four safeguard measures, such as resolutely protecting cultivated land, increasing agricultural investment, strictly controlling the price of agricultural materials and implementing the minimum purchase price of grain, were introduced. This series of new policies and measures has directly promoted agricultural development and increased farmers' income. According to statistics, only the "two taxes" reduction will reduce the burden on farmers by 30.2 billion yuan. Direct subsidies to grain farmers have directly benefited 600 million farmers in 29 provinces11600 million yuan. The central government arranged subsidies of 70 million yuan for the purchase of agricultural machinery and tools, and local governments at all levels arranged subsidies of more than 400 million yuan. The annual financial support for agriculture increased by nearly 30 billion yuan compared with last year.
Pay off 32.5 billion yuan for migrant workers
The new policy requires the development of ideas and the innovation of working mechanism. In the work of "agriculture, countryside and farmers" in 2004, governments at all levels and relevant departments coordinated horizontally and linked up and down to form a joint force. The National People's Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) organized law enforcement inspection and work investigation from three aspects: land management and farmland protection, implementation of various policies and measures to support agriculture, and financial support for agriculture. The development and reform department has intensified the arrangement of agricultural and rural projects and rural "six small" projects; The financial department has given strong support in implementing the policy of "two exemptions and three subsidies"; The science and technology department has arranged major science and technology projects to promote grain and increase income through science and technology; Land and resources departments strictly investigate and deal with illegal expropriation of cultivated land to protect farmers' legitimate rights and interests. Among them, the four ministries and commissions jointly found out that the state owed 65.438+0.477 billion yuan in compensation for land acquisition; Six departments joined hands to issue the Opinions on Doing a Good Job in Reducing Farmers' Burden; Eight ministries and commissions cooperated to carry out anti-counterfeiting agricultural materials and protect agriculture; Eight departments coordinated a nationwide wage-seeking campaign for migrant workers, and paid 32.5 billion yuan for migrant workers. ...
In 2004, the achievements of agriculture, rural areas and farmers were exciting; In 2005, the situation of agriculture, rural areas and farmers remained grim. China's comprehensive grain production capacity needs to be improved, the institutional obstacles restricting farmers' income have not been eliminated, and the dual constraints of resources and market will be intensified. It is still a long way to go to improve the overall efficiency of agriculture, and it is still very difficult to achieve stable grain production and sustained income increase for farmers.
The central economic work conference, the central rural work conference and the national agricultural work conference have been held one after another, which makes people have reason to believe that in the new year, with the strengthening of policy support and work implementation, the hard-won coordinated development of agriculture and rural economy will continue to be maintained and developed.