brief introduction
Qu Yuan (340-278 BC), the earliest romantic poet in China, was originally named Mi (mǐ), whose real name was Ping, the original word was Yuan, the descendant of Qu Xian, the son of Xiong Tong in Chu Wuwang, and the first great patriotic poet in the history of China literature. His appearance marks that China's poetry has entered a new era from collective singing to solo.
Born in Lepingli, San Lv Township, Zigui (now Zigui County, Yichang City, Hubei Province) in 340 BC, Qu Yuan was studious and ambitious since childhood. In his early years, he was trusted by Chu Huaiwang as Zuo Tu and Dr. San Lv. He often discussed state affairs with him, participated in the formulation of laws, advocated that the law should be clear and the law should be clear, meritocracy should be promoted, politics should be reformed, the Qin Dynasty should be jointly resisted, and "American politics" should be advocated. With the efforts of Qu Yuan, the national strength of Chu State has been enhanced. However, due to his honest and frank personality, he was unwilling to listen to Dr. Shangguan when amending the regulations. In addition, Chu Huaiwang's son Yin Zilan, Shangguan Doctor Jin Shang and his favorite concubine Zheng Xiu were all bought by Zhang Yi, the envoy of Qin State, which not only made Wang Huai unable to accept Qu Yuan's opinion, but also alienated him.
In 305 BC, Qu Yuan opposed the conclusion of the Yellow Thorn Alliance between Chu Huaiwang and Qin, but Chu completely embraced Qin. Qu Yuan was expelled from the capital by Chu Huaiwang and began his exile. As a result, Chu Huaiwang was lured by the State of Qin and was imprisoned in the State of Qin under the strong encouragement of his youngest son Zilan and others. After King Xiang of Chu ascended the throne, Qu Yuan continued to be persecuted and exiled to the south of the Yangtze River. In 278 BC, the general of the State of Qin led an army south to attack the capital of Chu. Qu Yuan's political ideal was shattered and he was desperate for the future. Although he wanted to serve his country, he was unable to return to heaven, so he had to die in the Miluo River in May of the same year. May 5th is now designated as Poets' Day.
"Hair waste zhu, evening Yang. The end of the heart is straight, although it is far from it. " "In Xupu, I have a lingering feeling that I don't know what I am doing. Deep mountains and forests are hidden, which is where apes live; The mountains are steep and cover the sky, and the rain is continuous; The snow is boundless and the clouds are raining. I'm sad. My life is boring. I'm alone in the mountains. I can't change my mind and do as the Romans do, but I will be sad and poor. " During his exile, Qu Yuan left many immortal masterpieces to future generations. His works, gorgeous words, strange imagination, novel metaphors and profound connotations have become one of the origins of China literature.
"The blue water is clear, you can lick my tassel; The water in the rough waves is turbid, so you can lick my feet. " After Qu Yuan was exiled, in a conversation with the fisherman, the fisherman advised him to "keep pace with the times" instead of "looking ahead and looking back" and asking for trouble. Qu Yuan said that he would rather die by throwing himself into the river than exposing his innocent body to worldly dust. In the eyes of fishermen, life need not be too lofty. The world is clean and honest, and you can come out as an official; The world is turbid and can rise and fall with the world. As for "thinking deeply and doing high", there is no need to end up in exile. The dialogue between Qu Yuan and the fisherman shows two philosophies of life.
In 278 BC, Qin conquered the capital of Chu. On May 5th of that year, in despair and grief, Qu Yuan threw a big stone into the Miluo River and died. The Dragon Boat Festival is said to have come from this.
domestic
Qu Yuan was born in the nobility of Chu, and like the king of Chu, his surname was Mi. Chu Wuwang Xiong Tong's son was sealed in Qu Di, and Qu Yuan was his descendant. He took the place name Qu as his surname, which was different from the surname Xiong of the monarch. The surname comes from Zhu Rongshi, Zhuan Xu of the Yellow Emperor; Mi's family moved from Shang Dynasty to Southern Chu, arrived in Xiongyi, and was sealed in Chu because of their work, so they lived in Danyang (now Zigui County, Hubei Province). This is Qu Yuan's hometown.
At the beginning of the Spring and Autumn Period, about the 7th century BC, Xiong Tong's son was sealed in this place called Qu County, and his descendants took Qu as their surname. The king of Chu's own family is similar to Qu's, but if it is arrogant and harmonious? Family; During the Warring States Period, Zhao and Jing, Zhao, Qu and Jing were the three surnames of the royal family of Chu. Qu can continue from the early Spring and Autumn Period to the end of the Warring States Period, and has always maintained the hegemonic position of Chu. This family can be described as enduring. Qu Yuan used to be a doctor in San Lv. It is said that he was in charge of royal affairs.
Qu Yuan belongs to the family of the King of Chu, and it was called "Gongzu" or "Gongfu" at that time, so his relationship with Chu was of course different. The descendants of Qu, such as Qu Zhong, Qu Wan, Qu Dao and Qu Jian, all held important positions in Chu State. Qu Yuan's father's name is Bo Yong. In Qu Yuan's generation, not many people became great officials, only Qu Yuan and Qu Gai, a general who was later captured by Qin State. Qu Yuan's Chu Ci "Nine Chapters, Cherish the Recitation": "Forget poverty suddenly". It is very likely that the aristocratic family had already declined at that time.
all one's life
be born
The date of birth of Qu Yuan has been studied by many people since ancient times, and it was not until the archaeological relics were unearthed after liberation that it was set as 340 BC. The textual research on Qu Yuan's date of birth is mainly based on two examples in Lisao: "The photo shows my virginity in Meng Xi, but the photo shows my virginity". Wang Yi believes that "taking photos" means "taking photos". The traditional photo taking is in Yin Yue, which is based on the year of the old star; Zhu believes that' the object' is the name of the star, and this object star refers to the bucket handle of the Twelve Birthdays, which refers to the moon here. According to Zou and Liu's calculations based on the lunar calendar and the summer calendar, it was designated as the 2nd1day of the first month in 343 BC. In the Qing Dynasty, Chen You was calculated as the 22nd day of the first month in 343 BC through the weekly calendar.
1976, a "Li Chan" was unearthed in Lintong County, Shaanxi Province. The book, with 4 lines and 32 words, describes the process of cutting Zhou. After careful textual research, Mr. Tang believes that among the three words' year old' in the inscription,' year old' refers to the old star, which was called' country' in ancient times and now called Jupiter. Ding means chastity and proper training. "Ke" is homophone with "Gu", which is the name of the month, and November is Gu. Time is true' means that the time star just rises from the east in the morning of 1 1 month, which refers to the rendezvous period of Jupiter. In this way, the inscription of' Li Chan' is completely consistent with the record of' Jiazi was not cold in the first month, and Wu was in the commercial suburb' in Historical Records. The inscriptions on' Li Chan',' Sui Zhenke',' Li Sao' and' Qu Meng' are the same kind of problems, and they all use the movement of the old star to mark the year and month. If Li Sao is taken as an example, the inscription can be extended to' take chastity in the bell and drum'; If we take the inscription as an example, the sentence "Give my chastity to Meng Huan" in Li Sao can also be simplified to "chastity at the age of 18". In Li Sao, the main idea of these two poems is: "I was born in the first month of Meng Chun, and Geng Yin was the day of my birth." . Although Qu Yuan didn't give a positive account of his birth year here, the first month of the summer calendar and the rising of the morning star in the east just indicate that this year is bound to be the so-called "year of making a living in Yin" for future generations. It can be seen that Wang Yi's "object" refers to Jupiter correctly, while Zhu's "object" refers to the name of the star unilaterally.
Astronomers calculated that in the first month of Zhou Xianwang's third year (366 BC), Muxing's position happened to be the morning light in the east, which is the so-called year when Teague's photos were taken. Based on this coordinate, the date of birth of Qu Yuan can be calculated by using Jupiter's rendezvous period, sidereal period's law and historical materials in Qu Yuan's Historical Records and Jia Sheng's Biography of Chu. Starting from the third year of King Xianzhou, Jupiter has been running for 24 years after two constant weeks, and in the first month of the twenty-eighth year (342 BC), it appeared in the east again in the morning. This year should be the year when Li Sao's "Chastity in Dreams" was filmed. According to the' Long Calendar of the Warring States Period' written by Japanese scholar Shinzo, it is estimated that the 26th day of the first month of this year happens to be Gengyin Day. Therefore, Qu Yuan should have been born on the 26th day of the first month of the summer calendar in 342 BC, that is, twenty-eight years, and Geng Yin was the 26th day of the first month of the summer calendar.
The Qin bamboo slips "The Book of the Day" unearthed in Yunmeng, Hubei Province is also called that people born in Geng Yinri are expensive. Yunmeng originally belonged to the Qin Dynasty. According to scholars' research, the owner of Yunmeng Qin Tomb was very happy that he was a survivor of Chu's entry into Qin. Therefore, the Japanese name Qin Bamboo Slips actually reflects the religious consciousness of Chu people and accords with Qu Yuan's self-report.
name
Qu Yuan said in Li Sao: "The emperor is full of ease, while Zhao Qian has a good name and a correct name, and the word is Lingping."
My father gave me a good name, Ping, Zi. In the Eastern Han Dynasty, Wang Yi explained Qu Yuan's name in Zhang Sentence, saying, "Benevolence and justice; Then the law is also ","Spirit is also, and God is also; Uniform and adjustable. There is nothing fairer than the sky. The people who raise things have been adjusted and are not in the ground. " Therefore, it is called "Pingtian" and the word is "Tian". Qu Yuan's birth name is interpreted as the three systems of heaven, earth and man, which accords with Historical Records.
experience
Qu Yuan's deeds are mainly found in Sima Qian's Historical Records. According to Li Sao, Qu Yuan was born in Chu Weiwang (339 BC) on the 14th day of the first month. Qu Yuan was born in Danyang on January 14th, which is now Zigui County, Hubei Province. He experienced three periods in his life, namely, China, Britain and China, and mainly lived in the period.
Judging from Qu Yuan's works, he participated in the witchcraft activities of Chu as an aristocrat. Archaeological documents show that the upper nobility of Chu believed in witchcraft. Scholars said: "Comparing the gods contained in bamboo slips of Chu Tomb in Jiangling with the gods sacrificed in Nine Songs of Chu, we can find that the gods contained in bamboo slips and the gods described in Nine Songs of Chu complement each other and become a relatively complete series, which further provides circumstantial materials for people to understand the specific contents of Qu Yuan's witchcraft activities in that year."
Qu Yuan lived on the eve of China's imminent reunification, and there is a saying that "the emperor of Qin is horizontal and the king of Chu is vertical". Qu was born in a famous family and was good at dealing with chaos and rhetoric. He was favored in his early years and was a leftist. All the policies and announcements of the imperial court came from him.
In order to realize the great cause of rejuvenating Chu State, Qu Yuan actively assisted Chu Huaiwang in reforming the country to make it stronger, and insisted on uniting with Qi State to resist Qin, making Chu State once a powerful vassal state. However, due to the sharp contradiction between Qu Yuan and the decadent aristocratic group of Chu State in internal affairs and diplomacy, and the jealousy of Shangguan Doctor and others, Qu Yuan was later framed by Mix and alienated by Chu Huaiwang. According to Records of Historian Biography of Qu Yuan and Jia Sheng, Shangguan Doctor Jin Shang framed Qu Yuan in front of Wang Huai out of jealousy, and Qu Yuan was drafting a constitutional order for Chu Huaiwang at that time, so Wang Huai was "angry and unwilling to Qu Ping".
After being dismissed as a left disciple, Qu Yuan was transferred to be a doctor, in charge of the affairs of the three surnames of Zhao, Qu and Jing in the royal family, and was responsible for offering sacrifices to ancestral temples and educating aristocratic children.
In the 15th year of Wang Huai (3 14 BC), from Qin to Chu, Zhang Yi paid off Shanxi merchants, Zi Nan, Zheng Xiu and others as spies with huge sums of money, and at the same time lured Wang Huai by offering merchants in a land of 600 miles, which led to the breaking of diplomatic relations between Qi and Chu. After being deceived, he became angry from embarrassment and sent troops to Qin twice, both of which were defeated. Therefore, Qu Yuan was ordered to send an envoy to Qi State to rebuild the friendship between Qi and Chu.
Thirdly, Zhang Yi disintegrated the Qi-Chu alliance from Qin to Chu, which made the Qi-Chu alliance unsuccessful. In twenty-four years, Qin Chu was the "alliance of yellow thorns", and Chu was completely embraced by Qin. Qu Yuan was also expelled from the capital and moved to the Northern Han Dynasty.
Thirty years after Wang Huai, Qu Yuan returned to Du Ying. In the same year, Qin made an appointment with the military attache Wang, but Qu Yuan urged him to enter the customs. However, his youngest son advised him to join the state of Qin, ignoring the suggestions of Qu Yuan and others. As a result, he was detained by Qin on the day he joined the alliance and died in a foreign country three years later.
After King Huai was detained, Xiang Wang succeeded to the throne and Zilan was appointed as Lingyin (equivalent to the Prime Minister), and the diplomatic relations between Chu and Qin were once cut off. However, in the seventh year of his succession, Xiang Wang married Qin in order to live in peace for a while. Qu Yuan opposed their shameful position and accused Zilan of being responsible for Wang Huai's humiliating death. Zilan also instructed Shangguan doctor to vilify Qu Yuan in front of Xiang Wang, which led to Qu Yuan being exiled to Yuan and Xiang again about thirteen years before and after Xiang Wang.
When Qu Yuan was exiled for many years, the situation in Chu became more and more critical. In the twenty-first year of King Xiang of Qing Dynasty, the Qin generals broke through Chu (now Jiangling, Hubei Province) without results, which indicated the future crisis of Chu. The next year, Qin Jun went further. Qu Yuan saw that there was no hope for his once powerful country, and considered leaving other countries, but in the end he loved his hometown, threw himself into the Miluo River in grief and indignation, and died for his ideal.
The date of Qu Yuan's death may be the fifth day of May, or it may be a day close to this day. The fifth day of May was originally a traditional festival of Chu. Later, people took this day as a day to commemorate Qu Yuan, but its original intention was little known.
Exile
Exile background:
During the Warring States period, the seven vassal states of Qi, Chu, Yan, Han, Zhao, Wei and Qin fought with each other for cities and land for years. At that time, Qu Yuan, the great poet of Chu, was only a young man and a left-handed official in Chu Huaiwang. He was sad to see the people suffering from the disaster of war.
Qu Yuan was determined to serve the country and the people, and suggested that Wang Huai should appoint talents and care for the people, which won his trust.
Jia Yi described the social situation of Qu Yuan at that time in Mourning Qu Fu Yuan: Alas, it was unlucky to be born at the right time! Couples crouch, owls soar. I'm proud of you. I'm very successful. The sage is dragging his feet and the founder is falling backwards. The world calls it conformity, disparages it as embarrassment, and calls it plantar honesty. Mo Xie is a blunt object, and a lead knife is a shovel. ..... Model abandon Zhou Ding, Bao Kang drift xi. If you drive cattle, you will be embarrassed. A horse with two ears, a salt car. Zhang Fu's recommendation is not long. Mr. Bitter, sorry to be alone!
In Jia Yi's pen, everything in Qu Yuan's life is upside down: the owl flies in the sky, but the husband and wife hide; Villains are proud of their ambitions, but saints are not allowed to use them; Clean people are vilified, and cruel people are praised; The sword is blunt, but the lead knife is sharp; Zhou Ding, the treasure of the country, was abandoned, and the empty crock was regarded as a treasure; The lame donkey drives the carriage, and the swift horse pulls the heavy salt cart; The hat should have been worn on the head, but now it is under the feet, soaked with sweat. This is the present situation of Chu State.
At that time, Qin was the most powerful country in the west, and it often attacked six countries. Su Qin, a famous scholar, put forward the idea of uniting six countries to fight against Qin. Qu Yuan took an active part in this matter. Together with Su Qin, he helped the kings of Chu, Qi, Yan, Zhao, Han and Wei gather in Chu to form an alliance, and made Chu Huaiwang the leader, so Chu Huaiwang attached great importance to it. Many domestic and foreign affairs were decided by Qu Yuan.
Therefore, a group of nobles headed by Zi Lan, the son of Chu State, were very jealous of Qu Yuan and often spoke ill of Qu Yuan in front of Wang Huai. It is said that he usurped the exclusive right and didn't care about Wang Huai at all. With more and more people stirring up trouble, Chu Huaiwang gradually alienated Qu Yuan. Because of the alliance of Qi and Chu, the State of Qin did not dare to start work. Hearing the news, the King of Qin hurriedly called the Prime Minister Zhang Yi to the palace to discuss. Zhang Yi believes that among the six countries, Qi and Chu are the most powerful. As long as the two countries are estranged, the alliance will dissolve. He is willing to take advantage of the internal discord in Chu State to personally break up the six-nation alliance.
The king of Qin was overjoyed and prepared gold and silver treasures for Zhang Yi to carry with him. Zhang Yi returned the seal to the king of Qin, resigned from Qin Xiang in disguise, and set off for Chu. After Zhang Yi arrived, he first visited Qu Yuan and talked about the strength of Qin State and the benefits of Qin Chu's alliance to both sides. Qu Yuan said: "Chu can't change the idea of the six-nation alliance."
Zhang Yi told Zilan: "With the six-nation alliance, Chu Huaiwang trusts Qu Yuan, and when the alliance is dispersed, Qu Yuan has nothing to be afraid of." Zilan was very happy when she heard this. The nobles of Chu state are all related to Zhang Yi. Zilan took him to see Chu Huaiwang's favorite queen, Zheng Xiu, and Zhang Yi gave Zheng Xiu a pair of priceless white jade. Bai Bi's precious light dazzled the eyes of the king of Chu. Zheng Xiu readily offered to help them publicize the Qin Chu League. Everyone thinks: "to unify Qin Chu, we must first dismantle the six-nation alliance;" If you want to break up the alliance, you must first cherish the king's distrust of Qu Yuan.
Zilan thought of a plan: He said that Qu Yuan had paid bribes to Zhang Yi, and Zheng Xiu leaked the news to Wang Huai. Zhang yi was overjoyed and said,' it is a blessing for Qin Chu and China that the queen is willing to contribute!' When Yi Cheung was ready, Tuozilan introduced Wang Huai. He advised against uniting with Qin and listed many benefits. Finally, he said: "As long as the king is willing, the king of Qin has prepared 600 miles of land for the State of Chu. Chu Huaiwang is a greedy man. I heard that he took 600 Li of land for nothing. How not to like it. Go back to the palace and tell Zheng Xiu happily. Zheng Xiu congratulated him, but frowned. "I heard that Qu Yuan asked Zhang Yi for a pair of white jade, but I'm afraid I'll object! Chu Huaiwang listened with a grain of salt.
The next day, Chu Huaiwang hosted a banquet in honor of Yi Cheung. During the dinner, when talking about the friendship of Qin Chu, Qu Yuan strongly opposed it. He had a heated argument with the son of an official, Lan, and the Shangguan doctor, Jin Shang. He believes that giving up the six-nation alliance will give Qin a chance, which is a matter of life and death for Chu! He denounced Zhang Yi, Zilan and Shanxi merchants, went up to Chu Huaiwang and said loudly, "Your Majesty, I can't believe it! Zhang Yi was sent by the State of Qin to break up the alliance and isolate Chu. I can't believe it ... "Wang Huai remembered what Zheng Xiu said, and sure enough Qu Yuan strongly opposed Qin Chu's reconciliation; Covet the land of Qin. Can't help but be angry: "The 600-Li land of Chu is worth a pair of white jade!" Tell the samurai to pull him out of the palace gate.
He sighed and murmured, "Chuzhou, you will suffer again ..." Qu Yuan was unhappy after returning to China, and he could not help sighing at the thought that once his alliance was destroyed, Chu would not be able to maintain its immediate prosperity.
My sister, who was the housekeeper for him, was angry and asked why. Knowing that he was framed by a villain, she advised him not to say anything more. Qu Yuan said,' I am from the State of Chu, and I can't see the danger of Chu even if I die!' He thought that Chu Huaiwang would wake up and tell right from wrong. As long as Wang Huai changes his mind, Chu will have a way. But Chu Huaiwang no longer summoned him. He becomes more and more sad and often stays up all night. He wrote a long poem called Li Sao, in which he wrote his sadness and resentment towards Chu. "Lisao" means "sadness". When people are sad, why not call God and parents to express their grievances!
First exile
Qu Yuan exiled northern Han to the upper reaches of Han River for the first time. In the sixteenth year of Chu Huaiwang (365,438+03 BC), in order to break the alliance between Chu and Qi, the State of Qin sent Zhang Yi to bribe the dignitaries of Chu, deceiving the King of Chu, saying, "If Chu can break with Qi, the State of Qin is willing to hand over more than 600 miles of local land." Chu Huaiwang listened to Yi Cheung and gave the signer the seal, and went to the State of Qin with Yi Cheung. After returning to the state of Qin, Zhang Yi pretended to be ill and didn't see Chu for three months. Chu Huaiwang thought that Yi Cheung blamed him for not being firm enough and sent someone to insult the King of Qi. The king of Qi was furious and broke up with Chu. Instead, I joined hands with Qin. At this time, Zhang came out and said to the ambassador of Chu, "Why don't you accept this land? From somewhere to somewhere, it is six miles wide. " Six hundred Li became six Li, and Chu was very angry. Suddenly, it was reported that more than 70 people, including Huai Gai and Bi, were captured, and Hanzhong fell.
At this time, Chu Huaiwang realized that "it is useless to regret Qu Yuan's strategy" and "reuse Qu Yuan" and let him go to Qi to rebuild the Chu-Qi alliance. After defeating the Chu army twice, Qin was also afraid of the resumption of diplomatic relations between Qi and Chu, and offered to return half the land in Hanzhong for peace. Chu Huaiwang hated Yi Cheung and proposed not to Hanzhong, but to Yi Cheung's head. King Hui of Qin disagreed, but Zhang Yi said confidently, "I, Zhang Yi alone, can reach the land of Hanzhong, and I am willing to go to Chu." After Zhang Yi went to Chu, he bribed Zheng Xiu and Shanxi merchants. After saying something in front of Chu Huaiwang, Chu Huaiwang released Zhang Yi again. And married the king of Qin. Qu Yuan showed interest when he brought Qi back. Wang Huai wants to get Yi Cheung back, but Yi Cheung has gone without a trace. In this way, Chu once again violated his promise to Qi. In the first 305 years and twenty-four years, the State of Chu once again joined forces with the State of Qin and went to the State of Qin to celebrate his wedding. The following year, Chu Huaiwang and the King of Qin met in (now northeast of Xinye County, Henan Province) and accepted the land returned by Qin (now Zhushan County, Hubei Province). At that time, although Qu Yuan strongly opposed it, the result was not only ineffective, but was exiled to northern Hanbei (now Ankang area and the upper reaches of Hanshui River) for the first time.
In the first 303 and 26 years, Qi, Han and Wei attacked Chu and denounced Chu's breach of contract. Chu asked Qin for help and sent a prince to Qin as a hostage. The following year, the king of Chu killed Doctor Qin and fled back to Chu. In the first 30 1 year and 28 years, Qin used this as an excuse to unite Qi, Han and Wei to attack Chu, kill and occupy Chongqiu (now the northeast of Biyang County, Henan Province). The following year, he attacked Chu, wiped out 20,000 Chu troops and killed Jiang Jing of Chu. At this time, the fatuous Cai again remembered the importance of the Qi-Chu alliance and set up a prince hostage to fight Qin in the Qi-Chu alliance. In the first 299 years, Qin attacked Chu and took eight cities of Chu. Taking advantage of this situation, Zhao Haoqi, King of Qin "invited" Chu Huaiwang to meet in Wuguan (now Shangxian East, Shaanxi Province).
After returning from exile in the Northern Han Dynasty, Qu Yuan, together with Zhao Ju and others, advised Chu Huaiwang not to attend the meeting, saying, "It is better not to be trusted in the country of the tiger and the wolf of Qin." But my child Zilan was afraid of losing her love and urged her to go. As a result, as soon as Chu Huaiwang entered Wuguan, he was detained by Qin Jun, grabbed Xianyang and threatened to cede Wuxian and Qianzhong counties. After the capture of Xianyang, the State of Chu was made King Xiang by Qi Ying, and his son was made King Xiang, refusing to cede the land to the State of Qin. Qin sent troops to attack Chu, defeated the Chu army, beheaded 50 thousand and took sixteen cities. In 296 years ago, Chu Huaiwang died in the State of Qin, and the State of Qin sent his body back to the State of Chu for burial. So the ministers thought Qin was unjust. Qin and Chu broke up.
Second exile
In 293, in the sixth year of Xiang Wang, Qin sent Bai Qi to Iraq to attack South Korea, which won a great victory and beheaded 240,000 people. The State of Qin sent a letter to the King of Chu, saying, "The State of Chu has betrayed the State of Qin, and the State of Qin is ready to lead the vassals to crusade against the State of Chu and decide the outcome. I hope you will rectify your foot soldiers and have a good fight. " The king of Chu did not forget the feeling of rebellion, and pointed out that he was finally exiled to a foreign country because "his so-called loyal ministers were unfaithful, but the so-called sages were heartless", which posed a threat to Zilan, so Zilan instructed Shanxi merchants to visit King Qing Xiang, and Qu Yuan was exiled to a remote area in the south for the second time. According to Ai Aizhen's analysis, the route of this exile started from Du Ying (jiangling county, Hubei Province), first went downstream to the southeast, celebrated Xiashou (southeast of Shashi, Hubei Province), passed through Wanglongmen (Du Yingdong Gate) in Dongting Lake, then left Xiapu (Hankou, Hubei Province) and finally reached Lingyang (according to legend, Qingyang County, Anhui Province today).
commit suicide
There is a scene in The Fisherman before Qu Yuan's downfall (the fisherman is not Qu Yuan's work, and the most obvious evidence is that the end tends to be a fisherman with Taoist thoughts, denying Qu Yuan's loyalty and self-control with his philosophy of living in harmony with the world. However, Wang Yi's "Songs of the South" believes that this article was written by Qu Yuan. ):
Qu Yuan, who was once released, swam in the river beach and sang on the bank of Zehe River, with a haggard color and a haggard description.
When the fisherman saw this, he asked, "This son is not Dr. San Lv's! Why? "
Qu Yuan said, "The world is cloudy, and I am alone. Everyone is drunk, I wake up alone, I can see. "
The fisherman said, "A saint is not obsessed with things, but can keep pace with the times. The world is muddy, why not spit its mud and make waves? Everyone is drunk, why not feed the bad guys and encourage them? Why think deeply and hold high, and let yourself become? "
Qu yuan said: "I heard that the new bather plays the crown and the new bather shakes his clothes;" Ann can observe with her own body, but what about the person who collects things? I'd rather go to Xiangliu and be buried in the belly of a river fish. Ann can be white and covered with secular dust! "
The fisherman smiled and walked away with the drum, but he sang: "The water in the rough waves is clear, you can hold my tassel;" The water in the rough waves is turbid, so you can lick my feet. "Then go, no longer use words.