From Nanhai County in Qin Dynasty, Nanyue Palace site has been the unchangeable city center of Guangzhou for more than two thousand years. Layers of archaeological strata, from bottom to top, have two cultural heritages of Qin and Han Dynasties, Three Kingdoms, Jin Dynasty, Southern Dynasties, Tang Dynasty, Southern Han Dynasty, Song Dynasty, Yuan Dynasty, Ming Dynasty, Qing Dynasty and Republic of China 12, which record the changes of the times and the rise and fall of Guangzhou layer by layer, leaving us with a permanent memory of time and space.
In 203 BC, the State of Qin transferred Zhao Tuo to Lingnan, established Nanyue, and built a palace in Panyu (now Guangzhou), the capital city. Nanyue Palace ruins include not only Nanyue Palace, but also the remains of Qin, Han, Jin, Southern Dynasties, Sui, Tang, Southern Han, Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties to the Republic of China. These ruins are stacked on top of each other, forming a wordless history book, which records the development of Guangzhou for more than two thousand years.
? 1996, the former site of Nanyue National Palace Office was announced by the State Council as a national key cultural relics protection unit, and was listed in the preparatory list of world cultural sites in China in 20 12, which is the essence of a famous historical and cultural city in Guangzhou.
? In 203 BC, when Chu and Han fought for hegemony, Zhao Tuo, the former commander-in-chief of Nanhai in Qin Dynasty, established Lingnan, made Panyu its capital and built a palace.
? The site of Nanyue Palace discovered by 1997 is a royal garden in Nanyue Palace and the earliest example of Qin and Han palaces in China. Among them, the most important meandering stone canal remains are actually the 180-meter-long artificial waterscape, which is located five meters below the modern ground, and was a place for the leisure and entertainment of Nanyue King two thousand years ago.
It is worth mentioning that under the site of Nanyue Palace is the site of Qin Shipbuilding. Above the ruins of the palace are the historical relics of various dynasties from the Eastern Han Dynasty to the Republic of China. They are like a history book without words, telling people that this is the history of Guangzhou's outward expansion and change centered on this.
Nanhan is the second local government in history to build Guangzhou as its capital, which has had an important impact on Guangzhou's urban development. This part mainly shows the achievements of Nan Han in politics, economy, capital construction and overseas cultural exchanges through archaeological discoveries.
? Guangzhou Gujing culture
? More than 500 wells, such as a natural well museum, have been unearthed from the site of Nanyue National Palace Office, to interpret the characteristics of different types of wells in different periods and the historical development of drinking water in Guangzhou.
There is a brick well for drinking water in Nanyue Palace more than 2000 years ago, a brick well and drainage ditch in Nanhan Palace more than 0/000 years ago, and two overlapping drainage ditches in Nanyue period. ?
? However, the Fan Chi and winding stone canals in Nanyue Imperial Garden in Nanyue Palace site are all built with stones, and a large number of stone pillars, stone railings and other stones have been unearthed in the site, which shows that there are many stone buildings in the imperial garden, which is very rare in China. The ancient buildings in China are mainly brick and wood structures, while the western buildings are mainly stone structures. One tree and one stone has become the watershed of eastern and western building materials.
The ice cracks at the bottom of Fan Chi and the accumulated stone pillar remains are exactly the same as those of ancient western buildings. This is the harvest of cultural exchanges between the East and the West, or the development of local culture, which is thought-provoking.
? 1995 and 1997 carried out two archaeological excavations here, and found large stone ponds and winding stone canals in the palace of Nanyue state. Stone pool masonry pays attention to the inclination of the pool wall, and is paved with sandstone slabs in the form of tight joints and ice joints, similar to western ancient buildings.
The octahedral stone pillars, stone railings, stone lintels and other building components unearthed in the pool are first seen in China. The winding stone canal is150m long. The two walls are made of sandstone, and the bottom of the canal is paved with sandstone slabs, which are covered with a layer of gray-black river pebbles, and the yellow-white river pebbles are dotted in zigzag. The meandering river suddenly drops 1.5m from the southeast end, forming a small meniscus pool. The unique waterscape design, exquisite construction and grand scale of these gardens are amazing.
? The key to archaeology lies in the mounds deliberately preserved during archaeological excavation to compare the strata of all parties. The winding ruins are marked with archaeological key pillars of different ages.
? There is a crescent pond in the southeast of the winding stone canal, and the excavation is a large number of turtle skeletons unearthed at the bottom of the pond.
? The whole stone canal twists and turns, and the bottom of the canal is densely covered with black pebbles. A "water pool" is built at the sharp bend, and two "ditch pits" are set up respectively, so that the flowing water from the stone pool produces eddies and ripples. At the eastern end of the stone canal, there is a crescent-shaped deep pool for stocking turtles; There is a slab flat bridge in the west of the canal, with stepping stones beside it, which makes the junction of the end of the canal and the curved corridor present the wild interest of full of green and flowing water on both sides.
? This is the earliest example of China Palace discovered so far, which is of great value to the study of the history and culture of China, the ancient cities of China (especially ancient Guangzhou), the history of ancient architecture and the history of ancient crafts, and is the essence of a famous historical and cultural city in Guangzhou.