The heated kang, also referred to as kang, or big kang, is a common heating equipment in northern bedrooms, and it was also introduced into the palace by the northeast people. There are many kangs in Shengjing Palace, with several bunks in one room, which not only solves the problem of sitting and lying, but also keeps the indoor temperature high through the heat dissipation of so many kang surfaces.

Second, a brief history of Kang:

1. Archaeological excavation: According to today's archaeological data, kang should be a great invention of the recluse of Longjiang ancestors. Among the "recumbent dwelling" sites excavated in tuanjie village, Dongning County, what archaeologists call "low fire wall" or "flue wall type" is an early fire kang.

2. Documentation: According to the Biography of Sui Shu, "Dig a hole to live in, open your mouth upwards, and take the ladder to get in and out." HOS has no doors, so people can only push ladders in and out. In the center of the cave is a bonfire stove, which is both cooking and heating, and is also a moisture-proof facility.

The appearance of the kang has made all ethnic groups in the north generally have a "* * * lifestyle". Now, as far as I know, the vast areas such as the north of the Yellow River and the Loess Plateau seem to sleep on the kang. A kang can greatly increase the room temperature, so-called "a kang is hot and a room is warm".

Third, the production method of Kang:

Kang consists of a stove, a kang body and a chimney. The stove connected to the kang can cook, and the kang can sit warm. A brick partition wall was built inside, and there was a flue in the partition wall, on which a relatively flat slate was laid. The slate is covered with mud to make it smooth. When the mud is dry, you can use the kang mat. Kang has a stove mouth and a smoke mouth, and the stove mouth is used for burning wood. When the smoke and hot air generated by wood burning pass through the partition wall of the kang, the slate on it is heated to generate heat, which makes the kang generate heat. Finally, the smoke is discharged from the smoke outlet of the refractory material through the chimney.

Four, the different types of health:

Due to the different regional and national customs, the plane layout of the fire kang is also different, including south kang, north kang, shun shan kang, zigzag kang (curved ruler) and concave kang with ring room. Chimney is a flue made of bricks and stones on the kang body. Kang body has straight hole type, horizontal hole type and flower hole type. These forms can be divided into two types: parallel and series. The former has uniform heat dissipation and poor exhaust, while the latter is the opposite. In addition to the above-mentioned types of kang, there are one kang, waist kang, sickle kang, semi-kang, Lian 'er kang, Shunshan kang, small kang, ground kang and opposite kang.

And the reasons for these health, each has its own merits:

1. Nankang: (subject to the north-south orientation of the main house, the east and west hatchbacks can also be referred to), mostly one kang, that is, one kang in the south of the room, one room in the north, or the south kang in the opposite kang.

2. Beikang: It's just the opposite of Nankang, that is, the house in the north of the room, the house in the south, or the Beikang in the opposite side.

3. Strip kang: very narrow, generally less than half the width of a normal kang.

4. Waist kang: a kang built between three or more houses. Generally, this kind of kang is a kitchen in the south half of the room, and a hut is built in the north facing the partition of the door. The kang built inside is a waist kang.

5. Sickle Kang: Also known as crutch kang (sickle, the knife used by farmers in autumn harvest, with the shape of "7"), that is, the south kang or the north kang is connected with the mountain kang and various kangs, and its shape is very similar to that of sickle. This kind of kang must be built at both ends of the house, next to the gable. Generally speaking, because of the large population and small houses, it is impossible to build a north-south health.

6. Half a kang: that is, half a kang. This kang is only used in one room, and there is not enough space. The other half room must be reserved for the kitchen, or there is no need to build a kang because there are few people.

7. Lianer Kang: that is, a house with three or more rooms at one end (according to folklore, if a house has a room at one end, the door must be located at the east end), and a south kang or a north kang should be built in the inner house and the outer house respectively. This kind of kang is named because its two bunks are connected and use the same pot and chimney (this kind of kang has a disadvantage that the kang in the back room doesn't like heat and must be equipped with a stuffy stove).

8. Kang along the mountain: Kang along the gable. Gables, the walls on both sides of the house, are named after the "human" shape on the top of the wall. This kind of kang is usually at the east and west ends of the house, or to live in a room.

9. Small kang: When a normal kang can't be built, a kang built casually is called a small kang because it is small.

10 floor kang: a new kang invented in modern times, which has two forms. One is that the living room floor is full of "kang", on which beds, furniture and other daily necessities are placed and floor tiles are laid. You have to change your slippers when you enter the room, which is similar to the city. You can sit on the floor or sleep. Second, the floor outside the kang is also a "kang", which can burn a fire. Opposite the kang, that is, a room facing the south and north of a kang.