Second, the content:

1, the Qing Dynasty stopped fighting with Britain and concluded a permanent peaceful and mutually beneficial relationship.

2. The Qing government opened five coastal ports, Guangzhou, Fuzhou, Xiamen, Ningbo and Shanghai, to the British for trade.

3. The Qing government paid 2 1 100 million silver dollars to Britain.

The Qing government ceded Hong Kong Island to British rule.

Third, the impact:

1, the signing of treaty of nanking made China a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society.

2. Politically, China's territorial and sovereignty integrity was destroyed and it began to lose its political independence.

3. Economically, due to the economic invasion of foreign capitalism after the war, China's self-sufficient economic structure combining small-scale peasant economy and cottage industry gradually disintegrated, and China's economy gradually became a vassal of world capitalism.

Extended information on the background of the signing of treaty of nanking between China and Britain;

From the end of18th century to the beginning of19th century, the Manchu dynasty in China was in decline. The contradictions among all ethnic groups and strata (including within the ruling group) are sharp, and the Bailian Sect and the Heaven and Earth Society have successively revolted. Politically, the Qing court still maintained the autocratic monarchy system, and "kowtowing more and talking less" became the golden rule of officialdom, with corrupt officials, widespread corruption and financial constraints. ?

Economically, on the one hand, the contradiction between people and people is prominent, land merger is fierce, and farmers are bankrupt and exiled; On the other hand, the bud of capitalism is developing slowly, while the natural economy, which is closely integrated with small farmers and cottage industries, still strongly resists the import of western industrial products.

In terms of foreign trade and exchange, the Qing government set up "public treasury" (the so-called "Guangzhou Thirteen Treasury") to manage foreign trade, and only opened Guangzhou as a coastal trade port (first trade) to western countries during the Qianlong period. At the same time, Chinese and foreign civil (such as "commercial debt") and criminal disputes emerge one after another, and the disputes gradually expand.

/kloc-after the British bourgeois revolution in the 0/7th century, Britain gradually established bourgeois representative system (parliamentary system, party politics), constitutional monarchy system and responsibility cabinet system. Its capitalist economy has advanced by leaps and bounds, becoming a powerful country with a large number of new enterprises, abundant funds, vast colonies and overseas markets, and on this basis, an industrial revolution has taken place.

Externally, Britain, eager to open up a bigger market and obtain more industrial raw materials, further launched a war of aggression, invaded Singapore and Myanmar in 1824 (the fourth year of Daoguang), threatened Iran to conclude an unequal treaty in 1838 (the eighteenth year of Daoguang), and launched a confrontation in 1839 (the nineteenth year of Daoguang).

In order to open the China market and reverse the trade deficit with China, Britain adopted the means of opium trade. ?

China and Britain have had some contacts on diplomatic and trade issues. However, whether it was the visit of Mazany Mission and Amish Mission to Qing Dynasty or the negotiation between Pharaoh North and Lv Kun on the eve of the Opium War, Yifa and Deng Tingzhen failed to achieve results for various reasons. ?

Baidu Encyclopedia-treaty of nanking