1, the source of urban history-Yan Dou/Youzhou
According to historical records, it was sealed in Yan in BC 1 122, after the Shang Dynasty was destroyed. Yan Dou is named after being the capital of ancient Yan State. Among the Seven Heroes of the Warring States Period, there is Yan State, which is said to be named after its proximity to Yanshan Mountain, and its capital is called "Yan Dou".
Youzhou, one of the ancient Kyushu. The name of Youzhou was first seen in Shangshu Shundian: "Yan is called Youzhou." Youzhou was established in the Han, Wei, Jin and Tang Dynasties, and all of them ruled in today's Beijing area.
2. The source of the capital history: Yuan Dynasty.
Muqali, a general under Genghis Khan of Mongolia, captured Beijing in Jiading eight years (12 15) and set up Daxing mansion in Yanjing Road. In the first year of Yuan Shizu Zhiyuan (1264), it was renamed as Daxing House in Zhongdu Road. In the ninth year of Yuan Dynasty (1272), the Daxing House in Zhongdu was officially renamed Dadu Road, which is the Dadu in Yuan Dynasty.
Most areas of the Yuan Dynasty became the transportation center of China, communicating with Lingbei Province in the north, Nurgandus in the east (downstream of Heilongjiang Province), Tibet in the west and Hainan in the south. From this period on, Beijing became the capital of China.
Extended data
Beijing was once the capital of six dynasties in history. During the two thousand years since the Yan State, many palace buildings have been built, making Beijing the city with the largest number of royal palaces, gardens, temples and tombs in China.
West of Beijing is Xishan Mountain, which belongs to Taihang Mountain range. The northern and northeastern parts of Du Jun belong to the Yanshan Mountains. The highest mountain is Dongling Mountain in Mentougou District, western Beijing, with an altitude of 2303 meters. The lowest land is the southeast border of Tongzhou District. The two mountains intersect at Nanguan, forming a semicircle mountain bend spreading to the southeast, which is called "Beijing bend".
Beijing has a superior geographical position, as the ancients said: "The land of Youzhou has the sea on the left, Taihang on the right, pillows in the north, rivers in the south, and a land of abundance." This also laid the foundation for the later Chinese names of Yuan Dynasty, Ming Dynasty and Qing Dynasty and the establishment of the national capital.
Baidu Encyclopedia-Beijing