2. The cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party established the Whampoa Military Academy, trained a large number of military cadres, established revolutionary armed forces, put down the rebellion of the business group and Liu Yang, recovered Dongjiang and other places, unified the revolutionary base areas of Guangdong and Guangxi, and prepared conditions for the Northern Expedition.
3. China * * * restored and developed the workers and peasants movement through the United front organization form of the Kuomintang. After the cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, the Kuomintang established the Ministry of Workers, led by Liao, the leader of the left wing of the Kuomintang. Under the impetus of * * *, the Ministry of Industry promulgated some decrees to support the workers' movement and establish workers' organizations, which provided favorable conditions for * * * to carry out the workers' movement. 1924 in July, Guangzhou Shamian workers went on strike against the "new police law", which became a signal that the China workers' movement had turned from low tide to high tide since the strike on February 27th. 1The Wuzhou Movement in May, 925 quickly developed into an anti-imperialist revolutionary storm in which all revolutionary classes participated in the whole country. In this big storm, the largest and most far-reaching is the strike in provinces and ports.
After the cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, * * * also helped the Kuomintang to set up the Ministry of Farmers as a minister. In order to cultivate the backbone of the peasant movement and meet the needs of the development of the peasant movement, a peasant movement workshop was opened in Guangzhou. At the same time, * * * made a special resolution on the peasant movement at the Fourth National Congress of the Communist Party of China, urging the Kuomintang to adopt a series of measures in favor of the peasant movement. Due to the influence of the combination of the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, the overall situation in Guangdong is conducive to the development of the peasant movement. Therefore, the peasants' movement spread to the east was able to break through the resistance and achieve unprecedented development. The influence of Guangdong peasant movement led to the formation of rural revolution centered on Hunan in other provinces. The strength of farmers' organizations has developed rapidly, farmers' associations at all levels have mushroomed, and the field of struggle has gradually expanded. Organized farmers are the same.
4. The Kuomintang cooperated with the Northern Expedition. 1The Northern Expedition, which began in July, 926, was jointly conducted by the two parties in China under the slogan of * * * anti-imperialism and anti-warlord. In the process of marching into the Northern Expedition, * * * people carried out a lot of political work in the army, which improved the political consciousness of the army and boosted morale. The members and youth league members of the Northern Expedition Army played a vanguard and exemplary role. The workers' and peasants' movement gave strong support to the Northern Expedition, and with the help of Soviet military advisers and the material support provided by the Soviet Union, the Northern Expedition was able to advance from the Pearl River basin to the Yangtze River basin in more than half a year, sweeping half of China and achieving great success.
The workers and peasants movement supported the Northern Expedition, and the victory of the Northern Expedition promoted the further development of the workers and peasants movement. As far as the Northern Expedition is concerned, there was a revolutionary scene in the countryside where the property of local tyrants and evil gentry was confiscated, rents and interest rates were reduced, and farmers were armed and organized. In this city, workers in Hankou and Jiujiang fought for the recovery of the British Concession, and workers in Shanghai held three armed uprisings.
5. The breakdown of cooperation between Kuomintang and Communist Party failed the national revolution. Sun Yat-sen and Liao in the Kuomintang cooperated sincerely with * * * and were willing to jointly achieve the goal of opposing imperialism and feudalism. While the rightist forces in the Kuomintang are trying to crowd out * * *. Therefore, actions and theories such as "Xishan Conference" and "Daiism" against the cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party have emerged within the United front. Chiang Kai-shek is the representative of the rising Kuomintang New Right. When he was young, he was in favor of the union of Russia and communist party. When his personal power develops to a certain extent, he will attack * * *. Less than half a year before the Northern Expedition, Chiang Kai-shek attacked three major events, namely, the Second National Congress of the Kuomintang, the Zhongshan Ship Incident and the Party Affairs Arrangement. With the repeated assistance of * * *, he concentrated power into his own hands one by one to prepare for a coup in the future. During the Northern Expedition, the old armies originally belonging to northern warlords or local warlords accepted Chiang Kai-shek's adaptation one after another, which made their strength expand rapidly. Coupled with the support of imperialism and comprador bourgeoisie, Chiang Kai-shek felt that the time was ripe and suddenly launched a counter-revolutionary coup. The cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party broke down and the national revolution failed.
In a word, the victory, development and final failure of the national revolution all illustrate the historical role played by the cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party in the China Revolution. The convening of the first National Congress of the Kuomintang, the establishment of the Whampoa Military Academy, the unification of the revolutionary base areas in Guangdong, the recovery and development of the workers' and peasants' movements, and the great victory of the Northern Expedition were all the results of cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party. Kuomintang Rightists betrayed Sun Yat-sen's Three People's Principles and pushed out, cracked down and even suppressed * * *, which led to the breakdown of cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party and the failure of the national revolution.
Second, how to correctly understand the position and role of the Kuomintang and the Communist Party in War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression?
China and War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression are a national anti-aggression war based on the cooperation between Kuomintang and Communist Party.
* * Position and role in War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression:
1. Advocate the anti-Japanese national united front and persist in the national war of resistance. On behalf of the interests of the people and the nation, China actively advocated the anti-Japanese national United front according to the new changes in class relations, which promoted the unity of the whole nation and ensured the realization of the anti-Japanese war. In order to make the whole nation persist in the war of resistance, China correctly handled the relationship between ethnic contradictions and class contradictions and formulated correct policies, such as changing the policy of "land to the tiller" during the agrarian revolutionary war into the policy of "reducing rent and interest"; Change the policy of resisting Japan and Chiang Kai-shek into the policy of "forcing Chiang Kai-shek to resist Japan" and "uniting Chiang Kai-shek to resist Japan"; Turn the political power of the democratic dictatorship of workers and peasants in the revolutionary base areas into the political power of the anti-Japanese United front that implements the "three-thirds system." In view of the phenomenon of division and retrogression in the United front, China adhered to the principle of independence in the United front, put forward three political slogans of "persisting in the war of resistance, opposing surrender, persisting in unity, opposing separatism, persisting in progress and opposing retrogression", and formulated the strategic policy of "developing progressive forces, winning over the middle forces and isolating the die-hards". In the struggle against the Kuomintang die-hards, he insisted on the implementation of the policies and strategic guidelines of "People don't attack us", developed the people's anti-Japanese forces, isolated a few die-hards in the Kuomintang to the maximum extent, and widely United all forces that could be United, so that the national unity situation in the war of resistance against Japan could persist to the end and win.
2. Open up the battlefield behind enemy lines and establish anti-Japanese base areas behind enemy lines. China * * * implements the all-round anti-Japanese war line, mobilizes the masses behind enemy lines and launches guerrilla warfare extensively. In the stage of strategic defense, the Eighth Route Army and the New Fourth Army led by * * * cooperated and supported the following battlefields, attacked the Japanese aggressors, established base areas behind enemy lines, contained a large number of enemy troops and repelled the Japanese aggressors. At the stage of strategic stalemate, the battlefield behind enemy lines became the main battlefield in War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression. In a very difficult and sinister environment, the soldiers and civilians in the liberated areas fought bravely with the Japanese army, defended and developed the anti-Japanese base areas behind enemy lines, and strengthened the people's revolutionary forces. In the stage of strategic counter-offensive, the soldiers and civilians in the liberated areas led by * * * launched an attack on the Japanese army on a broad front, which quickly narrowed the enemy-occupied areas and expanded the liberated areas, becoming an important force in defeating the aggressors and establishing a new China. * * * and the people's armed forces under its leadership are the mainstay of unity and resistance to Japan, and the decisive force to win the war of resistance.
3. Create new and rich experience and fully grasp all the laws of China revolution. During the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression period, China always insisted on combining Marxism with the concrete practice of the China Revolution, and scientifically expounded the theory and policies guiding China's protracted war and War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression. Further improved the theory, line and various principles and policies of the new-democratic revolution; It profoundly summed up the three magic weapons of the China Revolution to defeat the enemy, and so on, which marked the development and maturity of Mao Zedong Thought in many aspects. After the rectification movement and the Seventh National Congress of the Communist Party of China (CPC), the Communist Party of China (CPC) further summed up the revolutionary experience and established Mao Zedong Thought as the guiding principle for all the Party's work. On this basis, he achieved unprecedented unity of the whole party and laid the foundation for the victory of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression and the new-democratic revolution.
The position and function of Kuomintang in War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression;
1. The Kuomintang accepted the idea of unity in the Anti-Japanese War, which made the whole nation unite in the Anti-Japanese War. After the July 7th Incident, under the direct threat of Japanese aggression and the impetus of the national anti-Japanese wave, the Kuomintang changed its policy of non-resistance and accepted the idea of unity in the war of resistance, which enabled the whole nation to achieve the war of resistance. The Kuomintang government also took some relatively progressive measures, which led to the climax of the national anti-Japanese war, and a new atmosphere of vigorous progress appeared in the early days of the anti-Japanese war. However, because the Kuomintang carried out the one-sided anti-Japanese war line and did not give up the anti-communist policy, it shifted its policy focus from external anti-Japanese to internal anti-communist at the stalemate stage, and implemented a passive anti-Japanese and active anti-communist policy, which repeatedly created anti-communist friction and brought great harm to China's anti-Japanese war.
2. At the beginning of the Anti-Japanese War, the frontal battlefield of the Kuomintang was the main battlefield. "During 1937 and 1938, the Kuomintang made great efforts in the war of resistance against Japan" (in Mao Zedong), and successively fought battles in Songhu, Xinkou, Xuzhou and Wuhan, and won the battle of Taierzhuang. Subsequently, there was some resistance to the Japanese attack. Hold the southwest and northwest rear areas. Patriotic officers and men of the Kuomintang army fought bravely and made important contributions to defending the motherland and winning War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression.
"Since the fall of Wuhan, due to the failure of the war and the development of hatred, the Kuomintang has gradually become reactionary, anti-communist activities have gradually become active, and the potential for the war of resistance has gradually become negative." (Mao Zedong) Because China * * * successfully adhered to the correct policies and strategies of the anti-Japanese national United front and won unity through struggle, Chiang Kai-shek Group was forced not to publicly throw away the anti-Japanese flag and openly split with * * *, thus maintaining the national unity in the second Kuomintang-Communist cooperation and the anti-Japanese war.