Yan Taizi Dan bid farewell to Jing Ke in Yishui, struck the floor with a gift, and Jing Ke sang aloud. The solemn and stirring of "the wind is rustling and the water is cold, and the strong men are gone forever" is vividly on the paper. "Jing Ke stabbed the king of Qin" is a very tragic story in history, which is recorded in "Yan Ce of Warring States" and "Historical Records". Sima Qian even used a lot of space in Historical Records to describe the ins and outs of this matter, which shows that people attach importance to it.
In order to unify the Central Plains, Ying Zheng, king of Qin, constantly attacked other countries. Yan Wangdan originally stayed in Qin as a hostage. He saw that the king of Qin insisted on annexing other countries, took away a lot of land and cities in Yan State, and was "hostile" to him, so he "died of resentment". He hated Qin's guts and was bent on revenge for Yan, but "the country is too small to do anything", so after he fled back to Yan, he neither trained nor planned to contact the vassals against Qin, but pinned the fate of Yan on an assassin in an attempt to find a warrior who could assassinate Ying Zheng, the king of Qin, to stop the progress of Qin.
Prince Taizi Dan took out all his possessions and searched everywhere for people who could stab the king of Qin. Later, he really found such a person, the warrior is Jing Ke.
At the end of the Warring States Period, the assassin Jing Ke was the favorite weapon of the Rangers. Jing Ke (? -227 BC), formerly known as Qingqing, is said to be a descendant of the Qi Guoqing family. Later, he moved to Weiguo and changed his surname to Jing. He likes reading and fencing. He once swam about Wei, but he was useless. In the sixth year of the King of Qin (24 BC1year), Qin took Wei Puyang, which was the seat of Qindong County, and drove Wei to the Wild King (now Qinyang, Henan Province), becoming a vassal state of Qin. Jing Ke traveled around the world and made many heroes. In Yuci, he and Nie Gai discussed fencing. When Nie Gai glared, he walked away. In Handan, he and Lu Jujian played chess and gambled for chess. Liu Jujian scolded him, but he still ignored it and quietly left. Then he went to Yan State and made friends with the local dog butcher and Gao Jianli, who was good at hammering. Jing Ke likes drinking, and drinks with the dog butcher and Gao Jianli in the market all day. Then, Gao Jianli hit the building. He sang to the music and began to cry, feeling that there was no place for a hero.
Although Jing Ke promised Taizi Dan to stab the king of Qin, "for a long time, Jing Ke didn't do it". Until the seventeenth year of his reign (230 BC), Qin destroyed South Korea; Two years later, Wang Jian, the general of Qin State, occupied Handan, the capital of Zhao State, and marched northward to approach Yan State. The situation in Yan State is very critical. Prince Taizi Dan was in a hurry, so he urged Jing Ke to set out to assassinate the king of Qin. Jing Ke said, "Yes, but if we want to get close to the king of Qin, we must first convince him that we want to make peace with him. I heard that the king of Qin had long wanted the most fertile land in Yan State (in Zhuoxian County, Hebei Province). Fan, a general of the Qin Dynasty, was exiled to the State of Yan, and the king of Qin offered a reward for his capture. If I can bring the head of General Fan and the map of Du Kang to the King of Qin, he will certainly meet me. So I can deal with him. "
Taizi Dan thought that Fan came to him after "offending" the king of Qin and "being poor in the world", so he was reluctant to "be forced to abandon his pity friends". Knowing that Taizi Dan could not bear it, Jing Ke went to Fan privately and said to him, "I have an idea that can help Yan eliminate disasters and avenge the general, but I can't say it." Fan quickly asked: "What idea, you are quick to say!" Jing Ke said, "I decided to assassinate the King of Qin for fear that I would never see him again. Now the king of Qin has offered a reward for your arrest. If I can give him your headband, he will definitely see me. " Fan Yuqi said brightly: "OK, you can take it!" With that, he drew his sword and killed himself.
Prince Taizi Dan prepared a sharp dagger in advance, which was made by craftsmen with poison. A person will die as soon as he is stabbed with a drop of blood by this dagger. He gave this dagger to Jing Ke as a weapon to assassinate; Qin Wuyang, a young soldier aged only 13, was appointed as Jing Ke's deputy.
In the twentieth year of the King of Qin (227 BC), Jing Ke set out from Yan State and went to Xianyang. Prince Taizi Dan and several guests put on white hats and went to Yishui (now Yixian County, Hebei Province) to bid farewell. When he left, Jing Ke sang a song for everyone: "The wind is rustling and the water is cold, and the strong man is gone forever." After listening to his tragic singing, everyone cried sadly. Jing Ke took Qin Wuyang and jumped on the bus, leaving without looking back.
Jing Ke arrived in Xianyang. Ying Zheng, the king of Qin, was very happy when he heard that the envoy of Yan sent Fan's head and a map of Du Kang, so he ordered to meet Jing Ke at Xianyang Palace.
The ceremony that appeared in front of the bronze sword began. Jing Ke was holding a wooden box with a fan's head on it, and Qin Wuyang was holding a map of Du Kang, stepping up the steps of the Qin Dynasty. When Qin Wuyang saw the majesty of the Qin Dynasty, he couldn't help shivering with fear. The guards around Ying Zheng, the king of Qin, saw it and snapped, "Why did the emissary change his face?" Jing Ke looked back and saw Qin Wuyang's face was black and white. He smiled and said to the king of Qin, "Rude people are afraid because they have never seen the majesty of the king. Please forgive him. " At this time, Ying Zheng, the king of Qin, was a little suspicious and said to Jing Ke, "Tell him to bring you the map and come up alone." Jing Ke took the map from Qin Wuyang, holding a wooden box, and presented the wooden box and the map to the king of Qin.
Ying Zheng, the king of Qin, opened the affairs box. It was Van Yuqi's head inside. So he asked Jing Ke to bring the map. Jing Ke slowly opened a roll of maps. When all the maps were opened, the dagger rolled in the map in advance was exposed. "Goodbye for a poor dagger." . Ying Zheng, the king of Qin, jumped up. Jing Ke hurriedly grabbed the dagger, left hand took the sleeve of the king of Qin, and right hand stabbed the dagger into the chest of the king of Qin. Ying Zheng, King of Qin, had a hard back and broken sleeves. He jumped over the screen next to him and was about to go out when Jing Ke came after him with a dagger. Ying Zheng, the king of Qin, saw that he couldn't run any further, so he couldn't pull out his sword because of the long scabbard, so he ran around the big copper pillar in the hall, followed closely by Jing Ke, and the two of them turned straight like a lantern. Although there are many Qin generals nearby, they are all unarmed; According to the rules of the state of Qin, the samurai under the steps are not allowed to go to the temple without the order of the king of Qin. Everyone was in a hurry. No one called the samurai to the temple to catch the murderer.
Among the ministers, there was a doctor who treated Ying Zheng, the king of Qin. His name was Xia Innocent and he used his quick wits. He picked up the medicine bag in his hand and threw it at Jing Ke. Jing Ke raised his hand and the medicine bag flew to one side. In the blink of an eye, Ying Zheng, the king of Qin, stepped forward, pulled out his sword and cut off Jing Ke's left leg. Jing Ke lost his footing and fell to the ground. He threw the dagger at Ying Zheng, the king of Qin. The king of Qin flashed to the right, and the dagger flew past his ear and hit the copper pillar. Bang, it went straight to Mars and fell to the ground. Ying Zheng, the king of Qin, saw that Jing Ke had no weapons in his hand, so he went to Jing Ke and cut several swords. Jing Ke was shot with eight swords. Knowing that his assassination failed, he said with a wry smile, "I didn't do it earlier." I originally wanted to rob you and force you to return the land of Yan. " By this time, the attendants' warriors had come to the temple together, ending Jing Ke's life. Qin Wuyang under the steps was also killed by the warriors.
Although Jing Ke was dead, why did he assassinate Ying Zheng, the king of Qin? There are still many questions for future generations.
According to Biography of the Assassin in Historical Records, after Jing Ke was exiled to Yan State, he could not be reused by the authorities, so he was addicted to drinking and singing in the streets all day. He is "good at reading and fencing". "Although swimming in wine is deeper than books; The princes they visited were all related to their sages and elders. " In other words, Jing Ke is a learned and steady person, and he is by no means a rash person in Shan Ye. As for whether he killed anyone before stabbing the king of Qin, there is no record in history. When Taizi Dan wanted someone to assassinate Ying Zheng, the king of Qin, he first sought Tian Guang, who recommended Jing Ke because Jing Ke was old and weak. Jing Ke declined at first, but Taizi Dan addressed him as Shangqing, "riding a beautiful woman to do whatever Jing Ke wants". Under the extremely generous courtesy, Jing Ke still intends to wait for a friend who can help before going to Qin. Because Taizi Dan was in a hurry, he hurried on the road with Qin Wuyang and kept his promise.
In the eyes of many people, Jing Ke is a hero with great courage and sense of justice. However, in the eyes of historians, Jing Ke is not that simple.
Mr. Han said, "Jing Ke is a brave warrior with high martial arts and chivalry. His righteous act of stabbing Qin stems from his hatred for the national enemy, and it is also his last fight for the right to live. He has nothing to do with Yan. If Yan Taizi Dan wants to assassinate Ying Zheng, there is a personal grudge, then Jing Ke's purpose is to save the people of the six countries. " Prince Taizi Dan didn't reuse Jing Ke at first, and even later let him stab Qin to death, and he didn't fully understand and trust him. So Jing Ke didn't want to "die for his bosom friend". The value of his behavior is not personal loyalty, but he represents the people's anti-violence heart.
Mr. Zhang Chuanxi thinks that Jing Ke is not so noble and selfless. He said: "Jing Ke is in an era of advocating individualism. He is driven by the idea of justice. Although he is really brave, his righteousness is, after all, a small personal righteousness, and the great cause of Qin Shihuang's reunification is the righteousness. Therefore, I don't think it is necessary to raise him to the height of a hero. "
Mr Chen Chengjun's point of view is very unique. He said, "Jing Ke doesn't even have the ability and skill to be an assassin. In fact, Jing Ke should be an ordinary scholar in the Warring States Period. He likes reading, is good at lobbying and has certain knowledge. It can be said that he is a knight, but not a warrior. " According to this view, it is reasonable to explain why Jing Ke began to decline Taizi Dan's request to let him stab Qin, and then put it off again and again. "He is waiting for a real assassin, a warrior with assassination ability. But Taizi Dan didn't allow him to wait any longer, so he had to go with Wuyang, who was just a small role in killing people in the street. When he arrived at the Temple of the King of Qin, he was naturally afraid. And Jing Ke had to play a role he didn't want to play. "
In fact, Jing Ke became a hero in history for two thousand years because the past history described Qin Shihuang as a tyrant and Qin Dynasty as a tyrannical Qin Dynasty. Jing Ke's actions against Qin and hegemony are naturally just. Times are different now, and Qin Shihuang's progressive role in unifying the world and his great achievements have been recognized by people. On this basis, recognizing Jing Ke's assassination is not necessarily an undeserved mistake.