Confucius' ancestor was a nobleman in Yi Li (now Xiayi, Henan Province) in Song Dynasty, and the founding monarch of Shang Dynasty, Shang Tang. After the rebellion of the three kingdoms in the early Zhou Dynasty, in order to appease the nobles and descendants of the Shang Dynasty, the Duke of Zhou was ordered to appoint his younger brother Wei to establish the Song State in Shangqiu and worship the Shang Dynasty.
After Wei's death, his brother succeeded to the throne, but Confucius' first 15 ancestor. The sixth ancestor got Kong's family and was Kong's father. Kong was a doctor in the Song Dynasty. He used to be a fu, and his fief was in the territory of the Song Dynasty. Later, he was killed by Taizai Huadu in the civil strife in the imperial court.
Confucius' father Jia Zi and his father gave birth to Confucius. Uncle Liang's grandson is Confucius's father. In order to escape the war in Song Dynasty, Uncle Liang fled to Lu (now Qufu, Shandong Province) and settled down. His official position is a doctor in this city.
Confucius was born in October of the 22nd year of Duke Xiang of Lu (julian calendar 55 BC1; September 28th, 5565438 BC +0. There are two kinds of records about Confucius' date of birth, with a difference of one year. Generally, Historical Records Confucius Family shall prevail. Shen Shi was born in Changping Township, Qiaoyi.
Extended data:
Confucius s contribution to the progress of China s civilization;
1, contribution to philology
China's first literary work, The Book of Songs, was compiled into a book by Confucius. Historical Records Confucius Family records that there were more than 3,000 poems in ancient times. Confucius selected 305 poems that can be applied to etiquette and righteousness, classified them according to style, elegance and vulgarity, praised them, formed the text of The Book of Songs, and made explanations.
Shangshu, also known as Shu and Shu Jing, is the earliest historical document in ancient China, compiled by Confucius according to legends.
2. Contribution to history.
Confucius is the author of China's first chronological historical work, Spring and Autumn Annals. The book is only 65438+6000 words, but it records the history of Lu from Luyin to fourteen years and 242 years.
Confucius compiled Chunqiu for the political purpose of bringing order out of chaos. Mencius under Teng Wengong said, "Confucius became the Spring and Autumn Annals, but thieves were afraid.".
The Preface to Taishigong's Historical Records records that the Spring and Autumn Annals "reduced the emperor, retired the princes, sought doctors, and became kings".
Confucius compiled the Spring and Autumn Annals, which established many principles and examples of writing history, the most famous of which is the so-called "Spring and Autumn brushwork", that is, using simple words to express complex words, promoting good and restraining evil, and "praising one word, such as the glory of China; A word of embarrassment is tantamount to an axe. "
Confucius revised the Spring and Autumn Annals, and by rewriting the original records of history into history books, he founded the real historiography of China. It should be said that the father of China's historiography is Confucius, not Sima Qian. Because Confucius wrote Chunqiu, the word Chunqiu became synonymous with history.
3. Philosophical contribution
Yi is the source of road and China's philosophy. The History of Han Yi Wen Zhi records the origin of the Book of Changes, and holds that there are three key stages in the early development of the Book of Changes: Fuxi started eight diagrams as the first stage, Zhou Wenwang turned eight diagrams into sixty-four hexagrams as the second stage, and Confucius wrote the Book of Changes as the third stage.
"Historical Records Confucius Family" records that "Confucius likes the Book of Changes late, reads the Book of Changes, and Wei compiles three unique skills". Confucius read Yi in order to "observe its morality".
With his extraordinary wisdom, Confucius noticed the "moral" level of the Book of Changes and discovered the rich philosophy contained in the Book of Changes, so he made ten chapters of the Book of Changes to explain it systematically. It can be said that Confucius turned the Book of Changes to philosophy, which led to the first person in the Yi-ology revolution.
4. Political contributions
Starting from "the benevolent loves others", Confucius adhered to the principle of people-oriented, implemented benevolent policies and ruled by virtue, and put social justice, order, honesty and people's well-being in the first place. It is suggested that politicians should start from themselves. "Politicians are also right." Zi Shuai is right, who dares to be wrong? ""its body is right and it goes without orders; Its body is not right, although it is not obedient. "
Confucius advocated the rule of virtue, and thought that the rule of virtue of "Tao with virtue and Qi with courtesy" was superior to the rule of law of "Tao with politics and Qi with punishment". His political ideal is to realize a "Datong" society and a "well-off" society. This is the goal of two ideal societies set by Confucius for the people of China.
5. Contribution to education
Confucius founded a private school, which was the first person to break the monopoly of slave owners on educational resources. Confucius held high the banner of "teaching without class", broke through the unfair distribution in education, and was the first person to educate ordinary people.
Confucius trained "three thousand disciples and seventy-two sages" successively, and was the first model teacher in China. Confucius "never tires of learning and never tires of teaching" all his life, and is regarded as "a model for later generations".
In his teaching activities, Confucius selected and compiled six teaching materials: Poetry, Book, Rite, Music, Yijing and Chunqiu. Teach six skills such as ritual, music, shooting, imperial, calligraphy and mathematics; Disciples are divided into four subjects: morality, language, politics and literature for education. On the basis of rich teaching practice, Confucius put forward a complete set of educational theories.
Baidu encyclopedia-Confucius