Harbin has a long history. This is a city that has never had a wall. As early as 22,000 years ago in the late Paleolithic period, there were human activities here. About 5000 years ago, Harbin entered the Neolithic Age. About 3000 years ago, in the late Shang Dynasty, Harbin entered the Bronze Age, belonging to the distribution area of Baijinbao culture, the earliest ancient civilized country in Heilongjiang Province. Harbin is the birthplace of Jin Dynasty and Qing Dynasty. 1 1 15 years, the Jin Dynasty made its capital in Shanghai (Acheng District, Harbin). /kloc-At the end of 0/9, there were dozens of villages in Harbin with about 30,000 residents. Economic factors such as transportation, trade and population began to expand, which laid the foundation for the formation and development of the city. From 1896 to 1903, with the construction of the Middle East Railway, industry and commerce and population began to gather in Harbin. When the Middle East Railway was completed, Harbin had already formed the embryonic form of a modern city. At the beginning of the 20th century, Harbin became an international commercial port. More than 1.6 million expatriates from 33 countries have gathered here, and 1.9 countries have set up consulates here. [9] At the same time, China's national capital also developed greatly, and Harbin was established as the economic center and international city of Northern Manchuria at that time. Harbin is a city where China's Marxist thoughts spread earlier and the workers' and students' movements were more active. 1923, Harbin established the first party organization in Northeast China. 1927, the first party congress in Northeast China was held in Harbin, and the Manchuria Provisional Provincial Party Committee was established. Harbin became the command center for the Party to lead the people in Northeast China in the revolutionary struggle and later the anti-Japanese struggle. From 65438 to 0932, Harbin was ruled by the Japanese puppet government. Harbin people, under the leadership of China * * * Production Party, waged arduous struggles, and Zhao Shangzhi, Yang Jingyu, Li, Zhao Yiman and other immortal national heroes and revolutionary martyrs emerged. 1945, Harbin was liberated from Japanese puppet rule with a population of more than 700,000. 1946 On April 28th, Harbin established the people's political power and became the earliest big city in China. After the founding of New China, Harbin quickly restored and developed the national economy. During the "First Five-Year Plan" period, Harbin was one of the national key construction cities. Of the 156 key construction projects aided by the former Soviet Union, 13 are located in Harbin, which has become an important industrial base of the country and rapidly transformed from a consumer city into a new industrial city. From 1958 to 1965, Harbin experienced a tortuous development process of "Great Leap Forward" and economic adjustment. During the Cultural Revolution, Harbin's national economy suffered serious setbacks, and the normal economic and social order was seriously damaged. Since the reform and opening up, Harbin has made great achievements in national economy and social undertakings. The sixth, seventh, eighth, ninth and tenth five-year plans have all been overfulfilled. Among the 40 major industries in China, there are 38 in Harbin, with more than 4,000 major products covering the whole country and exported to 100 countries and regions. Since 1990, 22 sessions of "China Harbin Economic and Trade Fair" have been held continuously; Successfully held the third Asian Winter Games and '98 Harbin International Northern Cities Conference; Successfully hosted the 2009 winter universiade, and its international popularity and influence have been continuously enhanced; The process of building a harmonious society and building a well-off society in an all-round way is constantly moving forward. After decades of construction and nearly 30 years of reform and opening up, Harbin is transforming from an industrial city to a comprehensive and multifunctional modern city. 1996, the State Council approved the merger of Songhua River and Harbin to form the new Harbin. Harbin has jurisdiction over seven districts and twelve counties (cities), with an administrative division area of 53,000 square kilometers and a total population of 9.483 million. On February 4th, 2004, the State Council approved the adjustment of some administrative divisions of Harbin. After the adjustment, Harbin has jurisdiction over 8 districts of Daoli, Daowai, Nangang, Xiangfang, Dongli, Fangping, Songbei and Hulan, 7 counties of Binxian, Bayan, Yilan, Yanshou, Mulan, Tonghe and Fangzheng, and 4 county-level cities of Wuchang, Shuangcheng, Acheng and Shangzhi. The total area of the city is 53,068 square kilometers, of which the urban area is 4,272 square kilometers; The population is 9.7484 million, of which the urban population is 3.9896 million. On August 15, 2006, the State Council approved Harbin to adjust some administrative divisions, that is, to cancel the Power Zone and Xiangfang District and form a new Xiangfang District; Cancel Acheng and establish Acheng District; Whether Acheng Yongyuan Town and Juyuan Town are under the jurisdiction of Daowai District. After adjustment, Harbin has jurisdiction over eight districts, namely Daoli, Daowai, Nangang, Xiangfang, Fangping, Songbei, Hulan and Acheng, seven counties, namely Binxian, Bayan, Yilan, Yanshou, Mulan, Tonghe and Fangzheng, and three county-level cities, namely Wuchang, Shuangcheng and Shangzhi, with a total area of 53,068 square kilometers, of which the urban area is 7,086 square kilometers. Respondents added 2011-06-10/2:16 Harbin, known as "Paris of the East" and "Little Moscow", which was unforgettable for a long time. The world of ice and snow, Sophia Church, Central Street, Sun Island, Russian-style towns and other scenic spots, as well as Confucius Temple, Jinshangjing Site, Agoudas Ridge and other scenic spots, have worked hard in the ski resort, gained a lot and were filled with emotion. The main points are listed here now to entertain the same people. At the low temperature of MINUS 20 degrees, I only felt a cold current coming, and suddenly my whole body was cold and my face was like a knife. You should come prepared. Everything is in your bag except your eyes. It's really armed to the teeth Looking around, people mostly shrink their necks, bow their backs and wear "armor"; Spit out the "fairy spirit" and hurry. Outside the hotel, I saw heavy leather curtains hanging to the ground. When I entered the hall, the warm wind blew on my face, and I was very happy. Since then, in this sharp contrast between cold and warm, hot and cold, there have been several different opinions about the origin of Harbin place names. One is the translation of the word "Alekin" in Jurchen language, which means "honor"; From "Harubin", Manchu means "fishing net". It is said that hundreds of years ago, there was a large fishing area full of people nearby, which the Han people called the net drying field. After Harubin was mistaken for Harbin; There is also a saying that this place used to be a grassland by the Songhua River. The Mongols used this grassland to be flat and looked like Hala from a distance, so it was called Harabin, but later it sounded wrong in Harbin. After more than 100 years of debate, there is no agreement on the basis of each, which also makes the name Harbin more mysterious. In recent years, local scholar Wang, after careful study and painstaking textual research, has determined that "Harbin" in Jurchen language means "swan" for ten years. From the perspective of philology, there have been a long list of names similar to Harbin since the Jin Dynasty, such as Harbin, Harbin, Hellbing, Hellbing, Halfen, Harbin, Korfen, Harbin, Rabin, Hellbing, Karibin and so on. No matter how complicated the word "Harbin" is in history, its phonetics and phonemes remain relatively stable, especially the last word "fen, fen, bian, bin and wen", which has one thing in common, that is, the vowels all end with "n". According to the rules of vowel harmony and stress pronunciation in phonetics, it can be concluded that this is the result of phonetic notation of the same place name with different Chinese characters with vowel "n". What is the original meaning of "Harbin" in Jurchen language? According to Translated Language of Jurchen and Dictionary of Jurchen Language, "Ha Wen" in Jurchen language means "Swan", which proves that "Ha Wen" is composed of the pronunciation of corresponding sounds in Jurchen language. At that time, there was no "ga" in the phonology of Central Plains, so the sounds of "ga" and "ka" in place names were basically written as "ha", "he" or "a". Even now, some Mongolians and Manchu people with strong accents pronounce Qiqihar as "Qiqihar Galu". "Er" is a unique pronunciation of northern minorities. This sound is generally written as le, Lu, er, la and Li in Chinese characters. In addition, Wang studied it from the perspective of geography and zoology, and found that a large number of swans once lived on both sides of Songhua River, and this place is still the only way for swans to migrate. Archaeological achievements also provide evidence for the "swan theory". A large number of white jade unearthed here were carved into swan-shaped jade ornaments, which fully reflected the grand occasion of Harbin swan in that year and provided academic support for the "swan theory" Therefore, the "swan" theory has basically become a conclusion. In the past, flying snow did not melt, but today, silk ice floes are falling; Jiuxue is more interested than an old jade pot.