(1) Shang Yang's political reform touched the interests of the nobility and was opposed by aristocratic conservatives.

(2) When he was a prince, he repeatedly broke the law, and Shang Yang punished the prince's teacher mercilessly.

(3) Shang Yang's political reform won the support of Qin, which made Qin Huiwen wary of his rebellion.

2. Shang Yang presided over the political reform twice before and after. In the third year of Qin Xiaogong (the first 359 years), the imperial edict was changed, stipulating that the imperial clan nobles were awarded titles according to their exploits, occupied farmland and houses according to their titles, and abolished the hereditary privileges of the imperial clan nobles; Gratuity and weaving require hard work, the prolific can avoid corvee, and the lazy and poor become slaves; Oppose private fighting and award titles according to the size of military achievements; Implement the method of sitting together and compile household registration with "scholar" and "martial arts"; It is stipulated that adult men should be separated, otherwise the tax will be doubled and the national fiscal revenue will be increased. Shang Yang made great contributions to the reform and was promoted to be a great creation.

In the 12th year of Qin Xiaogong, he moved the capital from Yong (now Fengxiang, Shaanxi Province) to Xianyang for the second time. And each township is thirty-one counties (forty-one counties), which are placed under the direct management of the monarch; Ordered father and son brothers not to rest indoors; Abandon ore fields, open buildings and allow land to be sold; Unified taxation and unified measurement; Oppose Confucianism and Taoism, advocate legalism, and judge everything by law.

After the political reform, Qin became more and more powerful, Wei Jun was defeated, and Ang, the son of General Wei, was captured alive. Because of his military achievements, he was named Shang Jun. However, Shang Yang's political reform violated the interests of Qin nobles. The prince broke the law, and his masters, Gongzi Qian and Gongsun Jia, were punished. After Qin Xiaogong's death, the prince was made King Hui of Qin, and the son humbly accused Shang Yang of rebellion and was killed by a car crack.

Although Shang Yang died, his law was not abolished, which laid the foundation for Qin to unify the six countries.