1 Before the October Revolution, there were various social contradictions in Russia, including class contradictions and ethnic contradictions, as well as various social contradictions intensified by Russia's repeated defeats in the First World War. With the deepening of social crisis, not only the lower classes demand to change the status quo, but even the Russian bourgeoisie wants to develop capitalism by overthrowing the czar system. This makes the conditions for political change increasingly mature. Therefore, in March of 19 17 (February of the Russian calendar), the Russian "February Revolution" broke out first and the czar government was overthrown. After the "February Revolution", the bourgeois provisional government with actual power continued to implement the original domestic policy of the czar government and continued to wage war. 19171kloc-0/0 In October, the Central Committee of the Bolshevik Party passed a resolution to hold an armed uprising and put forward the slogan "All political power belongs to the Soviet Union". 1October 7th 165438+ 65438+1October 25th, the Bolshevik Party gained absolute military superiority and launched its final attack on the Winter Palace, the seat of the bourgeois provisional government. The Petrograd armed uprising won, and the Bolsheviks quickly seized the state power. Moreover, this action quickly spread to other central cities such as Moscow, and the Bolsheviks and revolutionary forces quickly grasped the political power in various places.

From the 1930s before World War II, countries such as Britain and France pursued appeasement policies that condoned fascist aggression, which encouraged the aggression of fascist countries. The lack of effective cooperation between anti-fascist countries is the main reason why the aggression of fascist countries is always successful at the beginning of the war.

The Normandy landing war successfully opened up the second battlefield in Europe, which also marked the beginning of the great counterattack of the world anti-fascist alliance and accelerated the demise of fascist Germany. However, the anti-fascist alliance has been arguing for several years on the issue of opening up the second front in Europe.

As early as September 194 1, Stalin proposed to Churchill to open a second front in western Europe and make a strategic attack on Germany, so as to alleviate the enormous pressure brought by millions of German troops to the Soviet Union. But at that time, the United States had not entered the war, Britain had not recovered from the setback of Dunkirk's retreat, and it was simply unable to carry out a large-scale landing war in Western Europe.

1942, the situation continued to deteriorate. In the face of fierce Germans, the Soviet Red Army retreated while fighting, causing huge casualties; The British army was defeated by Rommel in North Africa; On the Pacific battlefield, the United States, which had just entered the war, was unable to cope with Japan's powerful offensive, and Southeast Asian countries fell one after another. In this case, the Soviet Union once again proposed to open up the second battlefield in Europe and contain the German army. President Roosevelt of the United States also thought it necessary.

British Prime Minister Winston Churchill believed that Britain and the United States should first concentrate on attacking North Africa to prevent Germany from seizing the Middle East connecting Eurasia. 1942 In July, at the insistence of Britain, Britain and the United States decided to go to landing operation in north africa first. In August, Churchill personally flew to Moscow to inform Stalin of this decision. Of course, Stalin was angry at the decision of Britain and the United States, but this summit meeting between Britain and the Soviet Union promoted mutual understanding between the two countries and was of great significance for the two countries to join hands in fighting fascism.

During Churchill's visit to the Soviet Union, the Soviet Red Army was fighting to the death with the Germans in Stalingrad in the south. During this seven-month campaign, the Soviet Red Army annihilated about 6,543,800 Axis troops, which reversed the war between the Soviet Union and Germany and even the whole anti-fascist war.

The Battle of Stalingrad contained the German forces, helped the Anglo-American Allied Forces succeed in fighting in landing operation in north africa, and reversed the war situation in North Africa.

On the other hand, the United States took the initiative in the Pacific battlefield after the victory of the Midway naval battle, and the danger of Japan attacking India from the sea was eliminated.

The second half of 1942 witnessed the rapid reversal of the global war situation.

1943 65438+ 10. In October, Britain and the United States discussed the landing plan of Western Europe at the meeting in Casablanca, Morocco, but Britain insisted on attacking Sicily in Italy from North Africa before opening up the second battlefield in Europe.

1943165438+1At the end of October, the leaders of Britain, the United States and the Soviet Union held a historic Tehran meeting in Iran and decided to implement the European landing plan at the end of May 1944, opening up the second front in Europe. Later, due to the expansion of the landing scale, the actual landing date was postponed to June 6, 1944.

The final implementation of the Normandy landing not only eased the pressure of the Soviet Union, but also dealt a strategic blow to Germany and accelerated the demise of German fascism.