First, the list of foreign powers' wars of aggression against China

root

The reason is to open the door to China and turn China into its commodity market and raw material market, so as to safeguard and expand the rights and interests of aggression.

war

Eight-Nation Alliance invaded China in the Second Opium War.

direct

Reasons and excuses Lin Zexu

The British "Arrow" Incident in Humen was destroyed to suppress the Boxer Rebellion.

Start and stop

Time1840-18421856-18601894-18951900.

Invaders Britain, Britain, France, Japan, Austria, Germany, the United States, France, Italy, Britain and Japan.

important

Annex to the event "treaty of nanking": consular jurisdiction and unilateral MFN treatment. British and French allied forces captured Beijing, looted and burned Yuanmingyuan, Eight-Nation Alliance captured Beijing in the Yellow Sea War (Deng Shichang), and Empress Dowager Cixi fled to xi 'an.

Conclude and sign

Treaty 1842

Treaty of nanking 1895

Treaty of shimonoseki 190 1 year.

Boxer Protocol

treaty

The content is cut to Hong Kong Island.

Compensation 2 1 10,000 yuan, opening Guangzhou, Xiamen, Fuzhou, Ningbo and Shanghai.

Tariff negotiations cut Liaodong Peninsula, Taiwan Province Province and Penghu Islands.

Pay 200 million taels of silver

Chongqing, Shashi, Suzhou and Hangzhou will be opened as trading ports.

Allow Japan to open a factory in China to compensate 450 million taels of silver; Ensure that people are strictly forbidden to participate in activities against foreign powers (the Qing government became a court and ruling tool for foreigners); Dismantle the Dagu Fort and allow the great powers to send troops from Beijing to station along the Shanhai Railway; Draw the border of the embassy in Beijing, allowing countries to send troops for protection, and not allowing China people to live.

affect

China began to become a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society, which was the beginning of China's modern history. Greatly deepened the degree of semi-colonialism in China. The Qing government became a tool for imperialism to rule China, and China became a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society.

China has gradually become a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society.

Enlightenment "backwardness will be beaten" and "every man is responsible for the rise and fall of the world"