After the Eastern Han Dynasty, the production of southern celadon such as Zhejiang Yueyao was always in a leading position in the Three Kingdoms, the Jin Dynasty and the Southern and Northern Dynasties (AD 220-58 1). Shaoxing, Yuhang, Xing Wu and other places also have kilns, forming a unique kiln system. Zhejiang is the earliest area where kiln system was formed in China, which may be related to the fact that it is the birthplace of China porcelain and the porcelain-making industry is particularly developed.
Yue kiln produced celadon and black porcelain, and celadon and brown-dotted porcelain were also produced in the late Western Jin Dynasty, that is, brown dots were added to the main parts of the utensils to break the monochrome style of celadon.
The tire quality of the Three Kingdoms Yue Kiln is hard, delicate and light gray. The glaze juice is pure, mainly light cyan, and yellow or cyan is rare; There are bowls, plates, pots, basins, washbasins, bowls, boxes, plates, ear cups, incense burners, spittoons, pots, pickle jars and other daily-use porcelain. New products such as flat pot, chicken pot, candlestick, evil spirits and so on appeared in the Western Jin Dynasty.
Buddhism prevailed in the Southern Dynasties, and porcelain was mostly decorated with lotus petals or lotus flowers. During the hundreds of years from the Three Kingdoms to the unification of Sui Dynasty, the porcelain production represented by Yue Kiln has made great progress. It has many varieties and novel styles, and has penetrated into all fields of life. Become an electrical appliance that people can't live without for a moment.
The appearance of northern porcelain was later than that of the south, and it developed in the last hundred years from the late Northern Wei Dynasty to the unification of Sui Dynasty (AD 58 1-6 18). There are bowls, plates, cups, cans, pots, bottles, boxes and so on. Most of the celadon in the Northern Dynasties were daily necessities, and there were few furnishings. Lotus petal jar is a typical product of the Northern Dynasties.
Although the production of northern porcelain was hundreds of years later than that of the south, once the production of celadon was mastered, the production technology and craft level were quickly improved, and combined with the humanistic characteristics of the north, white porcelain appeared. White porcelain is developed from celadon, and the only difference between them lies in the difference of iron content in the tire and glaze. When the iron content of porcelain clay is low, the tire is white, and when the iron content is high, the tire color is dark gray, light gray or dark gray.
As far as the development of porcelain itself is concerned, it is from single glazed porcelain to colored porcelain. Whether it is brown green, white and black flowers, blue and white, underglaze red, or fighting colors, multicolored, famille rose and enamel, white is used as a foil to show the gorgeous and wonderful colors. Therefore, the appearance of white porcelain has a far-reaching impact on the development of porcelain. By the Tang Dynasty, the pattern of "southern blue and northern white" had been formed.
10 pieces of white porcelain unearthed from Fan Cui's tomb in the sixth year of Wuping in the Northern Qi Dynasty (AD 575) are the earliest white porcelain in the known era, including bowls, cups, three-series cans, four-series cans and long-necked bottles. In the Tang Dynasty (AD 6 18-9 17), southern celadon, northern white porcelain and tricolor porcelain; The colorful porcelain of Changsha kiln in Hunan Province has also developed greatly.
In the Song Dynasty (960- 1279), on the basis of the Tang Dynasty, five famous kilns "Ding, Ru, Guan, Ge and Jun" appeared at the same time.
The Yuan Dynasty (A.D. 1279- 1368) was a turning point in China porcelain production, with innovation and development in many aspects. From Kublai Khan in Yuan Shizu to the 15th year of Yuan Dynasty (A.D. 1278), the Yuan Empire established the "Floating Beam Porcelain Bureau" in Jingdezhen, Jiangxi Province, which created favorable conditions for the development of Jingdezhen porcelain production and laid a solid foundation for it to become the national porcelain center and the world-renowned "porcelain capital" in Ming and Qing Dynasties.
Jingdezhen made a new breakthrough in porcelain-making technology in Yuan Dynasty, the most prominent being firing blue and white and underglaze red. Blue-and-white porcelain generally refers to underglaze colored porcelain, with cobalt as colorant, then covered with transparent glaze and fired at high temperature once, showing blue flowers on a white background. Blue and white porcelain fully embodies the national characteristics of China. Once it appeared in Jingdezhen, it developed rapidly with strong vitality.
The Ming Dynasty (A.D. 1368- 1644) and the Qing Dynasty (A.D.1644-1911) were the heyday of porcelain production in China, and the quantity and quality of porcelain production reached the peak. The establishment of Jingdezhen "porcelain capital" made Jingdezhen kiln rule the porcelain altar in Ming and Qing dynasties for hundreds of years until today. At that time, all kinds of glazed porcelain and painted porcelain were outstanding representatives of Jingdezhen porcelain-making level.
Extended data:
Classification of porcelain:
1, the earliest plain porcelain is classified by color, and the common porcelain colors are celadon, black porcelain and white porcelain.
2. Among colored porcelain and other colored porcelain, the famous ones are: Tang Sancai (Tang Sancai is not porcelain, but low-temperature lead pottery), Xinle Shao, blue and white porcelain, etc.
3. There are different classifications according to the origin of porcelain. For example, China Zhejiang Yue Kiln (Secret Porcelain), Jiangxi Changnan, Hebei Ding Porcelain, and Japanese/KLOC-characteristic porcelain developed after the 20th century: Jinjiang, shigarakiyaki in Jiahe, aritayaki in Nagasaki, bizenyaki in Okayama Prefecture, etc.
Baidu Encyclopedia-China Porcelain