In many people's cognition, they think that they live an honest and clean life with their partners, so they refuse to check for human papillomavirus infection and don't want to get HP vaccine. Is that really the case?
What is human papillomavirus?
Human papillomavirus is the abbreviation of human papillomavirus, which has more than 100 subtypes, of which at least 40 can cause genital infection. According to pathogenicity, different subtypes of human papillomavirus can be divided into high-risk (carcinogenic) type and low-risk type. Persistent high-risk infection can lead to cancers such as cervical cancer, and low-risk infection can lead to genital warts.
How does human papillomavirus spread?
Human papillomavirus is mainly transmitted through sex (of course, there are other modes of transmission), and its infection is very common, often without obvious symptoms. Among sexually active people, most people have a history of human papillomavirus infection at least once in their lives. Most human papillomavirus infections are short-lived and will be eliminated by the human body in a short time.
There are several HPV vaccines to choose from.
At present, there are three kinds of human papillomavirus vaccines in the world, including:
Bivalent vaccine Cervarix: For human papillomavirus 16 and 18, it can prevent cervical cancer caused by the infection of these two kinds of human papillomavirus, which can cause 70% of cervical cancer.
Four-valent vaccine Gardasil: Four-valent vaccine increases the prevention of low-risk subtypes of human papillomavirus 6 and I on the basis of bivalent vaccine, and can prevent genital warts caused by human papillomavirus 6 and I infection.
Nine-valent vaccine Gardasil-9: Nine-valent vaccine targets at nine subtypes of HPV9, which are 6, 1 1, 16, 18, 3 1, 33, 45, 52 and 58 respectively, further expanding the vaccine.
What kind of people are suitable for vaccination against human papillomavirus?
The most suitable population for HPV vaccination is adolescent women before their first sexual life, because the risk of HPV infection will increase rapidly after sexual life begins.
Because some data show that the first sexual time of teenagers is gradually advanced, it is recommended to vaccinate as soon as possible. Although some studies believe that girls vaccinated with HPV vaccine at a younger age can produce higher antibody levels (9~ 14 compared with 15~26), it is still controversial whether this strong immune response will increase the effectiveness of the vaccine. The recommendation of vaccination time in various countries mainly considers the average time of first sexual intercourse, of course, the immune response is stronger during 9~ 14 years old.
After having sex, you can also get HPV vaccine. At present, the adaptation age of bivalent vaccine approved in China is 9~25 years old, and the adaptation age of tetravalent vaccine is 20~45 years old. The age of nine-valent vaccine is generally limited to 26 years old.
Can you get cervical cancer as long as you are infected with human papillomavirus?
In fact, human papillomavirus infection is a very common viral infection, and women who have sex may bring human papillomavirus into the reproductive tract through sexual contact.
Under normal circumstances, human papillomavirus will be eliminated by the human immune system, so short-term infection is normal, similar to catching a viral cold, and even before the symptoms of cold appear, the virus has been eliminated from the body and will not develop into precancerous lesions.
Only a few women with weak immune function or defective immune mechanism can't rule out the human papillomavirus entering the body, which leads to the persistent infection of human papillomavirus and may develop into cervical cancer. In other words, the vast majority of cervical cancer is caused by human papillomavirus, which is a persistent infection of high-risk human papillomavirus, but this does not mean that people infected with human papillomavirus have cervical cancer.
After vaccination with bivalent vaccine, can I get tetravalent or nonavalent vaccine?
In principle, it is possible, but the cost performance is not high and it is not recommended. Any HPV vaccine can effectively prevent cervical cancer, and considering the time and cost required for vaccination, the cost performance of repeated vaccination is really not high.
Should people who have had sex be screened for human papillomavirus before vaccination?
There is no need to add another human papillomavirus screening to the vaccinated forehead, just follow the original cervical cancer screening plan. Cervical cancer screening methods include cytological examination and human papillomavirus detection. The choice of screening method and time interval is based on age and previous examination results, not on whether to inject vaccine.
About HPV vaccine
The price of HPV vaccine varies according to the type of vaccine and the injection site. The overall price of bivalent vaccine is about 1700~2500 yuan, and that of tetravalent vaccine is about 2400~3500 yuan.
Where can I get HPV vaccine? You can get HPV vaccine at the nearest vaccination clinic. Vaccination clinics are generally located in community hospitals and health service centers. In view of the fact that human papillomavirus vaccination has just been rolled out in China, it is best to consult and make an appointment by telephone, WeChat, APP, e-commerce platform or website before injection.
How to inoculate HPV vaccine HPV vaccine is divided into three times, lasting for 6 months. Inoculation is done by intramuscular injection. The bivalent vaccine was inoculated at 0, 1 and 6 months old 1 time respectively, and the tetravalent vaccine was inoculated at 0, 2 and 6 months old respectively.