Yu Qian
Yu Qian (1398— 1457), born in Qiantang (now Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province), was a famous Ming dynasty.
When Yu Qian was a teenager, he worshipped Wen Tianxiang very much. In addition to studying stereotyped writing, he also tried to explore the truth of governing the rise and fall of chaos in ancient and modern times, "be interested in the world and do your duty to the death." At the age of sixteen, he joined the government to study for students. In the 19th year of Yongle (142 1), at the age of 23, he was admitted as a scholar. He was the first in the exam, but he was ranked 92nd in the top three because of his poor handwriting. Soon, with Jiangxi as the governor, he went to Huguang to perform official duties. He went deep into the investigation of Yao's residential areas and revealed that the government troops killed innocent people, which initially showed his integrity.
Yu Qian is handsome, talkative and has a loud voice. Every time I played it correctly and methodically, it attracted the attention of Ming Xuanzong. In August of the first year of Xuande (1426), Hanwang Zhu launched a rebellion in Lean, Shandong Province, and Xuanzong made a personal expedition. Gao Xu surrendered and knelt in front of the army. Yu Qian followed Xuanzong's orders and loudly detailed Gao Xu's crimes. Gao Xu shook and nodded. "I'm guilty of everything!" Xuanzong was very satisfied with Qian's performance and gave him the same reward as other ministers. At that time, Zuo Wei Duchayuan was a clean and honest censor, and its management was very strict. He only values Yu Qian and thinks that Yu Qian is better than himself.
In the fifth year of Xuande (1430), the Ming court set up a governor. Xuanzong personally appointed Yu Qian as the right assistant minister and the governor of Henan and Shanxi provinces, and promoted Yu Qian from seven products to three products at once, which was a great trust in money. Yu Qian didn't expect it. He traveled all over his office, visited his elders and examined the advantages and disadvantages of political affairs. During this year, he was removed from his post several times in a row to promote his advantages and curb his disadvantages. Cabinet members include Yang Shiqi, Yang Rong and Yang Pu. He also attached great importance to Yu Qian and made great achievements in theory and performance.
Yu Qian is different from ordinary senior bureaucrats. Seeing the sufferings of people's livelihood, he always tries his best to relieve them. He founded the Pingjia Ordinance, Yicang, Pingliangcang and Huimin Pharmacy, lent the poor a lot of food for free, built the Yellow River levee, and let the people complain about their illegal behavior at the governor's yamen, and only through it can the problem be solved quickly. In order to strengthen the border defense, he suggested adding an imperial censor to inspect Datong, and taking back the idle land occupied by officers and turning it into wasteland for border defense.
Yu Qian served as the governor of two provinces for nine years. Wei Hui is so popular that people regard him as their parents and call him "Yu Long Tu". There is a ballad with the word 154 circulating in the two provinces, praising "officials from heaven save the two sides of the strait". As soon as corrupt officials heard Yu Qian's name, they were terrified, and even thieves were whispering and avoiding it.
In the seventh year of orthodoxy (1442), Zhang Taihou died of illness. Since then, the "three sheep" have also died of old age. When the emperor was young, eunuch Wang Zhen gradually became authoritarian. He accepted bribes from officials, but every time Yu Qian went to Beijing, he never gave gifts, let alone went to Wang Zhen. It was suggested that he give some gifts to the dignitaries in Beijing, even if it was to bring some incense, mushrooms and a handkerchief. Yu Qian raised his sleeves and said with a smile, "With a cool breeze!" Then, he wrote a poem to encourage himself:
Handkerchiefs, mushrooms and thread incense are harmful to people.
The wind blows the sleeves to the sky, so as not to talk short.
It was a good story for a while. But this has caused dissatisfaction among some powerful people. In the eleventh year of orthodoxy (1446), Yu Qian went to Beijing to play a role and recommended Wang Lai and Sun as governors of Yushan. Wang Zhensui took the opportunity to slander Yu Qian for "holding grudges for a long time and being good at raising a generation" and should be dismissed by the Ministry of Justice. After hearing this, people from Henan and Shanxi provinces went to Beijing to write letters demanding the release of Yu Qian. Under pressure, Wang Zhen released Yu Qian, but reduced him to Shao Qing of Dali Temple. Fearing that their successors would be corrupt officials, people in the two provinces gathered more than 10,000 people to write a letter asking Yu Qian to remain as the governor of the two provinces. The Zhou and Jin imperial families in the two provinces also made the same request. Wang Zhen had no choice but to reinstate Yu Qian.
In the 13th year of orthodoxy (1448), the border defense in Ming dynasty became increasingly strict, and the Ministry of War affairs became increasingly busy. Yu Qian was ordered to enter Beijing as the left assistant minister of the Ministry of War.
In July of the 14th year of Orthodox Church (1449), Wang Zhen and Ming Yingzong personally recruited Vara. Despite the strong opposition of the North Korean minister, Wang Zhen went his own way and rushed out with the temporarily assembled army. At that time, Yu Qian was ordered to stay in the capital, and Kuang Ye, the minister of war, managed the affairs of the Ministry of war, assisting Wang Zhu Chyi Yu who stayed behind.
In mid-August, the expedition led by Yingzong was completely annihilated in the civil fort (see the civil war), and the emperor was also captured. The news of the defeat reached the Ming court and immediately fell into chaos. On August 18, Queen Sun ordered Wang Jianguo to call ministers to discuss countermeasures. Lieutenant Xu Kun took the lead and proposed to flee to the south. Ministers looked at each other, but no one dared to defend them. At this point, Yu Qian stepped forward, sternly reprimanded, awakened the Manchu civil servants in one word, and got the support of Queen Sun and King■. Therefore, the Ming court gave Yu Qian the important task of fighting against Walla, defending Beijing and defending the Ming Dynasty. Yu Qian also generously took the world as his responsibility, made every effort to take a series of effective measures quickly, concentrated a lot of manpower and material resources, enriched Beijing's defense force, and quickly settled the people's hearts.
Author: Angel's Painting Tool 2005-5-25 17:32 Reply to this speech
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2 Yu Qian
10, first, the British emperor led the Walla army to commit another large-scale crime in the south and arrived at the gates of Beijing. In the face of strong enemies, Yu Qian is fearless, calm and fearless. He fought fiercely with the enemy for five days and nights, and finally defeated Vala, forcing him to return to the Great Wall first, so that the Ming Dynasty turned the corner (see Beijing Defence).
After the victory of the Ming court, Yu Qian was rewarded for his meritorious service, and Jingdi gave him a little extra insurance, and he was still the military affairs minister and the Ministry of War minister. Shi Heng was appointed marquis of Wuqing, and other civil servants and military commanders were promoted. In the face of the award, Yu Qian sincerely resigned. He said: "There are many suburban bases, which is a shame for Dr. Qing. How dare you ask for a reward! " His first thought is not personal fame and fortune, but national security. He attributed the victory to the soldiers, but he began to think about how to strengthen the defense in the north.
Yu Qian first strengthened the defense force of the capital. He transferred some military forces from Liaodong and Fu Xuan to Beijing, and transferred Yang Hong, a famous soldier, and Luo Tong, who was active in keeping Juyongguan, back to Beijing for training. Then look around the country, send all the imperial envoys Xiao Qi to guard Baoding, Hejian and Zhending, order assistant minister Geng Jiuchou of punishments to go to Nanzhi to rectify the garrison in Jiangbei, attract refugees to station, commend Zhu Qian, the left commander, send Wang Hong to guard Juyongguan, and send Gu Hangzu, Liu An and Liu Ju to build a pass in Jiangbei.
At that time, Xi Ning, the eunuch who surrendered to Walla, and Oda, who surrendered to the army, led them to invade the south for many times. They even suggested that Yingzong should go to Nanjing to set up another court to fight against Jingdi, or seize Linqing, Shandong Province, cut off grain transportation and block the throat of the Ming court. Yu Qian hated this, ordered Datong generals to capture Ning, instructed Wang Wei, assistant minister of the Ministry of War, to lure Oda out of Yangwai City, and encouraged Jingdi to kill Ning.
Facing the harassment in front of him, Yu Qian calmly and strategically defeated the enemy many times. So we also changed our strategy and sent three envoys to Datong, asking the Ming court to send envoys to make peace. After Xu Gui, the general of Datong, reported this matter to the court, the court of Ming Dynasty was shocked. Yu Qian insisted on taking a tough attitude and opposed peace talks. Liu Bei said, "The first Lord sent word that Ji Duo would go, and the troops would come first. Zheng Tong official Wang Fuhe Zhao Rong was sent, but he didn't see the emperor when he came back. And lack of trust, obviously. Besides, he and I are at odds. When it comes to harmony and others are insatiable, they sit down when they are in harmony, and change when they are not, and the situation is not harmonious. You are an intermediary minister, but you are so timid. Why embarrass the enemy and let the law punish him? " Later, he turned to blame Xu Gui. From then on, frontier generals only knew how to fight and defend, and never dared to advocate peace again.
Yu Qian defeated all kinds of intrigues such as surrender, threatening peace and opposition, and defended the Ming Dynasty. On the other hand, because of repeated failures, the number of casualties is increasing and the war-weariness is increasing. At first, due to the uneven distribution of spoils, the original contradiction between the Walla army and Tuotuo Buhua and Alazhiyuan was deepening. I also saw that there was nothing to take advantage of in the Ming Dynasty, and the heart of peace was growing.
In June of the first year of Jingtai (1450), Allah sent an envoy to make peace, saying that he would also return it to the emperor first. The ministers of the Ming dynasty responded enthusiastically to this and asked Jingdi to send envoys to meet the emperor. However, Emperor Jingdi was afraid of losing the throne and was unwilling to marry Yingzong. He said to his ministers, "I didn't want to be in a big position, but I was excluded at that time." Yu Qian calmly replied: "God has decided that I would rather let him come back, and I will welcome him as soon as possible. In case he cheats, I will resign. " Hearing Yu Qian's words, Jingdi was relieved and changed his face: "From you, from you." Soon, Yingzong was finally taken back to Beijing. However, Emperor Jingdi was still wary of this and put Yingzong under house arrest in the Nangong of the Imperial City.
Yu Qian did not take it lightly at that time. He was worried that the Ming court would steal the Royal Guards, so he told Jingdi: "Although the emperor has returned, the national humiliation has not healed" and "it is difficult to make peace", and his demands cannot be slackened. He also proposed a series of measures to continue to strengthen national defense. On the one hand, strengthen the defense of Fu Xuan, Datong, Liaodong and Beijing, increase troops, repair the castle pass and recover the eight cities of Du Shi; On the other hand, we should rectify the military discipline and severely punish Shi Heng, Guo Heng, Yang Jun and other officers who violate the law and discipline. At the same time, he also reformed the military-related policies, formations, chariots, weapons and military systems, and adopted new firearms. More importantly, he made a great reform of the Beijing battalion, the main force of the Ming army. In the second year of Jingtai (145 1), 100,000 people were selected from the Beijing camp and organized into ten battalions, which were called group camps. The following year, he increased the group camp to150,000 people. Non-commissioned officers who are not elected to the regimental battalion still belong to the Third Battalion, which is called "fellow villagers". There are 15,000 people in each of the ten regimental battalions, and there is a commander-in-chief (called the battalion commander). Under them, there are three commanders, 15 commanders, 30 commanders, 150 captains and 300 captains. The 10th Regiment Camp has a company commander, who is served by Hou Qing of Wu, and is subordinate to Yu Qian, the minister of the Ministry of War. Jingdi also sent eunuchs and Liu Yongcheng to supervise the army. Yu Qian stipulated that starting from himself, all officers, big or small, should go to the training ground to practice array weapons, and junior officers must be familiar with the names of petty officers and guards. In case of war, the Beijing army will go out, and generals at all levels will accompany the team without sending other generals. After this reorganization, the Beijing Army has changed the old disadvantages that soldiers and generals are unfamiliar with each other and do not belong to each other, greatly improving their combat effectiveness and saving a lot of pay. Since then, great changes have taken place in the military system of Ming-Jing camp.
Author: Angel's Painting Tool 2005-5-25 17:32 Reply to this speech
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3 Yu Qian
After several years of rectification, the national defense force of the Ming Dynasty was greatly strengthened, and the invasion of Valla was successfully repelled, and the border was much more stable than before. On the contrary, after the defeat of the Walla army, his prestige was greatly damaged, but he became increasingly arrogant, forcing him to take off his clothes and offer flowers. In the fifth year of Jingtai (1454), he became a Khan and insulted various Mongolian ministries. Soon, Allah attacked first and then lost, was killed by his men, and Mongolia fell into disintegration again.
The Ming court defeated the Walla army, and Yu Qian made great contributions to the world, but that's not what he meant. Nevertheless, many people are jealous of him and try their best to obliterate his achievements. For example, Luo Tong was recommended by Yu Qian to defend Juyongguan and made great contributions, but he was sneered at by Yu Qian and others: "If today's waist is a jade mink, all of them will devote their lives to protecting their nobles, but they are tired of sages and avoiding talents, but they can't do what they say. It is not worth discussing." Of course this is not true.
Jingdi was not moved by these vicious attacks. Instead, I trusted Yu Qian more and listened to all his suggestions. Every time he uses a person, he will visit Yu Qian at close range and ask for his advice. Yu Qian always tells the truth, does not hide anything, and does not shy away from resentment. Yu Qian has been suffering from phlegm disease. When he was sick due to fatigue, Jingdi sent eunuchs Xing 'an and Liang Shu to visit him in turn. I heard that the medicine he took was not good, so I ordered him to give it to the top and even prepared food for him. He also personally went to Long Live Mountain to cut bamboo and drain water. Some people say that Emperor Jingdi is too modest, while Xing 'an and others say, "He worries about his country day and night, regardless of his property, so he goes there. Where can he get this person in the court today? " In a word, the court relies on modesty. Yu Qian was impeached by Gu and others: "Too expert, please play six major events with the cabinet." Although this was refuted by Yu Qian and Jin Lian, the senior minister of the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, some people still find fault with their eggs, which makes people suspect that there are people behind these suggestions.
Yu Qian's personality is straightforward, he despises elected ministers and respects the old nobles, so he is opposed by these vegetarians. Every time something goes wrong, Yu Qian sighs: "Where is this blood spilled!" He is well aware of the evil in officialdom, the selfishness of scholar-officials, the envy of talents, the struggle for power and profit, greed and shameless.
Jing Di Zhu Qiyu is a narrow-minded person. After he became emperor, he hoped that the throne would be passed on to his son Zhu Jianji, but he could not propose to replace the prince himself, and Empress Sun and his ministers would not agree to do so. In the third year of Jingtai (1452), Emperor Jingdi finally came up with a "coup" to buy off the ministers: give Chen Xun and Gogu 120 platinum each, give Gangwon, Wang Yining, Xiao Wei and Shang Lu 520 platinum each, and give them 120 silver, so as to promote them to the positions of Yang Shan and Wang Wen. Soon, Huang, a local official in Guangxi, broke the law and died. In order to save his life, he used his quick wits to secretly play Emperor Jing, asking for the replacement of the Prince. Emperor Jing was worried that no one would make this suggestion, so he was happy and said, "There are such loyal ministers thousands of miles away!" The emergency order does not conform to the minister. Chen Xun and others quickly signed their names, and forced Wang Zhi, Yu Qian, Yu Shi and Zuo Ding of the official department to sign their names. Finally, Emperor Jingdi abolished the sons of Prince Yingzong and Prince Zhu Jianshen through legal procedures, and made his own son, Zhu Jianji, a prince. Therefore, ministers are promoted by officials and get double salaries. In this regard, the ministers refused as usual. Only Yu Qian resigned repeatedly, which caused the dissatisfaction of Jingdi. Jingdi gradually alienated Yu Qian and never let Yu Qian enter the cabinet again.
At that time, Xu Youzhen was reprimanded by Yu Qian for his initiative to move south, and he always held a grudge against Qian. Shi Heng, the company commander, was inferior to Yu Qian, but he was blocked, so he felt guilty. He recommended Yu Qian's eldest son to Yu Mian, and was denounced by Yu Qian: "There are many national affairs, and officials should not care about personal interests. And the rank of general, unknown place, pull out a line of soldiers and humble, in order to benefit the military, and recommend officials alone, in public discussion? I am in the army, Du Li is lucky, and I will never dare to abuse my work. " In the face of Yu Qian's righteous criticism, Shi Heng was not ashamed, but hated Yu Qian. At the same time, Shi Heng, who was in charge of the Beijing camp, tried to make waves many times, but he couldn't succeed because of his modesty, and his dislike of modesty was growing day by day. The viceroy Zhang Di and eunuch Cao Jixiang also hated Yu Qian. Small groups quickly colluded with each other and plotted against modesty day and night.
In the eighth year of Jingtai (1457), in the first month, Shi Heng, Xu Youzhen and others launched a rebellion to seize the door, supported the restoration of Yingzong, arrested Yu Qian and Wang Wen in the early shift, and Fu Huicheng was imprisoned on the charge of "wanting to welcome foreign princes", falsely sentenced to rebellion and sentenced to death. The Ministry of Justice tortured the two men, and Wang Wen tried his best to defend them, but Yu Qian laughed and said, "What's the use of arguing?" When the case was presented to Yingzong, Yingzong still hesitated and said, "Yu Qian is really meritorious." Xu Youzhen immediately said: "If you don't kill Yu Qian, you will be nameless."
On the 22nd, Yu Qian and Wang Wen were killed on the same day. When Yu Qian was away, nothing valuable was found in the house, only the first house was locked. When I opened it, there was nothing in it except the mang suit and sword given by Jingdi.
It is said that when Yu Qian was killed, there was a mixture of gloom and grievances. People are very angry at this kind of bite the hand that feeds them, and commemorate Yu Qian in different ways. The people of Cao Jixiang ordered Dora to take wine to the place where Yu Qian was killed, to weep bitterly and offer sacrifices. Cao Jixiang was very angry and gave him a beating, but the next day he had another drink as before. The governor knew that he risked his life to be buried in Qian, and eunuch Pei secretly escorted Yu Qian's youngest son to Henan. In the third year of Tianshun (1459), Yu Qian's husband and Qian Zhuji helped to send Yu Qian's coffin back to his hometown and buried it in the foothills of Santai Mountain in the West Lake.
After Yu Qian's death, Chen, who succeeded the minister of the Ministry of War, attached himself and accepted bribes, which made Yu Qian's efforts to rectify national defense go to waste, and Yingzong was worried. Later, there was a policeman in the northwest. Hou Wujin respectfully said to Yingzong, "Let Yu Qian be here, not Kou." Yingzong listened and was silent.
In the second year of Chenghua (1466), in August, Yu Mian, who was pardoned and returned to her hometown, pleaded for her father. Ming Xianzong personally avenged Yu Qian, changed Yu Qian's former residence in Chongwenmen West to "Loyalty Festival Temple", and sent officials to pay homage to the hero's soul. Xianzong personally wrote a letter saying: "When the country is in great trouble, it is safe to protect the country and defend the country, but justice is the only thing, which is the envy of the gang." In the early days, the emperor knew he was wrong, but I really felt sorry for his loyalty. "
In the second year of Hongzhi (1489), the Ming court named him Dr. Qian Guanglu, Zhu Guo and Taifu, and named his tomb "Gong Jing". From then on, Yu Qian and Yue Fei lay side by side on the beautiful Xizi Lake, and only later generations had the poem "Lai Youyue paid less attention to double insurance, and the world began to feel the West Lake".