After the founding of New China, with the improvement of agricultural productivity and the progress of agricultural science and technology in China, the average yield per mu of wheat increased to 300 kg, even exceeding 1000 kg in high-yield areas. Scientific research shows that when the yield per mu of wheat reaches 400 kg, it is necessary to ensure a certain density and population, but too high density and large population will bring lodging problems to wheat production. As the saying goes, "wheat pours a handful of grass and grain pours a handful of chaff", lodging not only limits the continuous improvement of wheat yield, but also is an important reason for the decrease of wheat yield and quality. For many years, the problem of wheat lodging has existed not only in China, but also in developed countries such as Europe and America, so the problem of wheat lodging has become a worldwide problem.
In the long-term production practice, industrious and intelligent farmers in China have taken measures such as water control, fertilizer control, mechanical suppression, subsoiling and root cutting, and even "gnawing green" to solve the problem of wheat flourishing before winter, so as to prevent lodging in the later growth period. However, these measures are time-consuming and laborious, and can not achieve the ideal effect, which seriously affects the development of high-yield potential of wheat.
After 1980s, chemical control technology using plant growth regulators developed rapidly, showing unique charm in solving the traditional problems of grain and cotton production. In recent years, with the continuous emergence of crop chemical control products, plant growth regulator products with paclobutrazol, chlormequat chloride and other plant growth retardants as the main components have played a certain role in high yield of wheat and have been accepted by some farmers. However, with the deepening and development of agricultural technology research, its disadvantages have become increasingly prominent. Paclobutrazol has a long half-life, which pollutes soil and seriously affects the growth and development of subsequent crops. Chlormequat chloride leads to the greenness and late maturity of wheat, and makes the wheat cortex thicker and the quality lower. At the same time, there are still some problems such as delaying the filling speed of wheat, delaying maturity, affecting the harvest period and affecting the timely sowing of summer corn. In addition, it is difficult to master the application, which has also become an unsafe factor for high yield of wheat.
How to solve the technical problems such as lodging, empty shells and shriveled grains in the process of wheat production, ensure the stable and high yield of wheat without affecting the quality of wheat, and also ensure the safety of subsequent crops, this research topic has been highly valued by the Ministry of Science and Technology and the Ministry of Agriculture, and the problem is also placed in front of agricultural researchers.
In 2004, the Ministry of Science and Technology, the Ministry of Agriculture, the Ministry of Finance and the State Grain Administration implemented the "High-yield Grain Science and Technology Project" in the Northeast Plain, the North China Plain and the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River 12 major grain-producing provinces, aiming at improving the long-term capacity of high-yield grain by relying on scientific and technological progress and innovation. Realizing the organic unity of grain yield, quality and social benefits, realizing the organic unity of increasing grain production and increasing farmers' income, and relying on scientific and technological progress to develop modern agriculture with high yield, high quality, high efficiency, ecology and safety will provide important support for ensuring national food security and open up broad prospects for China's agricultural development.
With the support of the National "High-yield Grain Science and Technology Project", the Crop Science Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, relying on its years of research accumulation and scientific research experience in the field of crop chemical control, adheres to the spirit of scientific and technological innovation, and aims at the problems encountered in wheat production of different ecological types in the main winter wheat producing areas (namely, soil drought, barren land, freezing injury in winter, cold spring at jointing stage, dry hot wind and group lodging in late stage, freezing injury in winter in irrigated land, cold spring at jointing stage, dry hot wind and group lodging in late stage, etc. ), from the point of view of improving the stress resistance of wheat (barren resistance, cold resistance, drought resistance, cold resistance, high temperature resistance and dry-hot wind resistance) and building a high-quality wheat population (suitable number of grains per mu and strong lodging resistance), a series of wheat products including new wheat varieties with stress resistance were developed.
Wheat Tongtianbao, a special high-efficiency regulator for wheat, has the characteristics of high technology content, remarkable effect, safe use and high input-output ratio. Experiments and demonstrations were arranged in Shandong, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Henan, Hebei, Gansu, Inner Mongolia, Xinjiang and Northeast China, and achieved good experimental results.
The experiment proved that Wheat Tongtianbao, a special high-efficiency regulator for wheat, can comprehensively regulate the growth and development of wheat at seedling stage, effectively control the length of basal internodes 1 ~ 3, promote root system and tillering, make the root system of wheat developed, and have remarkable effects of lodging resistance, drought resistance and dry hot wind resistance. In particular, it overcomes the adverse consequences of high residue of paclobutrazol, chlormequat chloride and other products and thickening of wheat epidermis, greatly reduces the harm to subsequent crops and is very safe to use; At the same time, the use of wheat tons of Tianbao can adjust the reproductive growth and nutritional growth of wheat, improve the ear characteristics of wheat, make the ear of wheat neat, and improve the number of ears, grains per ear and 1000-grain weight as a whole; In the case of high, medium and low yield fields, it can show a certain yield increase effect. Through field experiments, the average yield was increased by 15% ~ 25%, and the input-output ratio was above 1∶20.