Small Shenyang (sound: hé sh ē n) (1750-1February 22, 799, that is, the fifteenth year of Qianlong-the eighteenth day of the first month of Jiaqing), whose real name is Shanbao, whose real name is Zhizhai, and whose real name is Niuhu Lushi, Manchu is Zhenghongqi Erla. Born in the fifteenth year of Qianlong, he lived in Donkey Hutong in Xizhimen. On the third day of the first month of the fourth year of Jiaqing (1799), Tai Lihong died. The next day, Emperor Jiaqing ordered Xiao Shenyang and Fu Changan, ministers of the Ministry of Finance, to take turns to guard the mourning hall, and they were not allowed to enter or leave without authorization, so they were put under house arrest. Then suddenly an imperial edict was issued, ordering that those who failed to surround An Baili sects and those who sheltered behind the scenes should be investigated. On the same day, ministers realized the emperor's intention, so the letter to impeach Xiao Shenyang was sent to Jiaqing Emperor. Emperor Jiaqing announced the 20 major crimes of Xiao Shenyang and immediately ordered Xiao Shenyang to be put into prison. Emperor Jiaqing wanted to put him to death, but because his sister was also his daughter-in-law, Gu Lun and Princess Xiao pleaded, and sought the advice of ministers such as Liu Yong, he committed suicide in prison. In order to avoid political turmoil, Emperor Jiaqing announced that all existing parties in Little Shenyang that can abandon evil and do good will be exempted from investigation.
According to the investigation, one third of the property in Little Shenyang is worth 223 million taels of silver, and there are countless jade articles, jewels and imported goods. Later, some of them will be given to the royal family. There is a folk proverb: "When a small Shenyang falls, Jiaqing is full." Books such as "Draft of the History of Qing Dynasty" claim that little Shenyang is "poor without records", that is, poor and low, which is wrong and far from historical reality.
The ancestors of Little Shenyang lived in Yingeyu, and lived in the same place as Gong Yi, the founding father of the Qing Dynasty. Yin Ge Valley is not far from Hetuala where the Qing emperor Nurhachi lived. After the Nuerhachi Uprising, Gaha Chaluan, the ninth ancestor of Xiao Shenyang, and his son Dagushan Bayan and other brothers, sons and nephews all surrendered to Mao, and many of them later served as civilian military commanders. The fifth ancestor of Little Shenyang, Niyahana, a great grandfather, was born in the army. He was drafted into the army when he was in Emperor Taizong. "He went to Beijing, Shandong, ladder attack Hejian mansion. He first boarded the city, conquered it, gave it to Batulu, and awarded it to a third-class captain without pomp. " Not breaking and not standing is a world position under the five titles of public, Hou, Bo, Zi and public, which is equivalent to the third class. Ahashuose, the grandson of Nyahana, held the position of ancestor and assistant leader. Killed in Tongbo, he was posthumously awarded captain Yunqi (rank five). Niyahana's great-grandson, the ninth Sun Changbao of Gaha Chaluan (the father of Xiao Shenyang), the third-class coach who attacked his great-grandfather, Yi Yun, the commander of Ahashuo, served as deputy commander in the Eight Banners Army. Deputy commander-in-chief, ranked second, is a senior general in the military field. Every year, cashier 155 Liang, rice 155 Liang, Yang Lianyin 500 Liang. After his father was attacked, Chang Bao died heroically when he followed Emperor Kangxi's expedition to Junggar, and was awarded a first-class ride. When he was in Qianlong, he also served as the governor of Fujian. From Niyahana, the great-grandfather of Little Shenyang, to Chang Bao, his father, they are all official families with professional positions, especially his father is a second-class official and deputy commander-in-chief. How can you say that he was born in a humble family?
Chang Bao is peaceful and honest, and spends little time in Beijing. He spends more time defending the border and less time caring about the country, so there is no industry at home. In the twenty-five years of Qianlong, Chang Bao died in Fujian, and the small Shenyang family was in trouble.
He Lin has a younger brother, three years old. He and Xiao Shenyang are mother compatriots, and his mother died shortly after giving birth. Brother Xiao Shenyang is like a lonely goose in Hanze, and his cloak looks pitiful in the rain. However, the two have always lived in harmony, lived alone, and were taken care of by their family, Liu Quan. Although the two brothers have experienced wind and rain, they have thrived.
After he was in his teens, Xiao Shenyang entered Xian 'an Palace in Xihuamen of the Forbidden City to study and "learn poetry from teenagers". Because of the bad relationship with stepmother, the economic conditions were poor when I was young. However, at the age of 18, he married the granddaughter of the chief minister of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, and his rank was second class. At the age of 20, he attacked the third-class coach of his great-grandfather Niya Hana, and the situation improved obviously. Because, the salary of a third-class van captain is 160 two silver, and there are 80 stone meters, which is a little more than the salary of the governor and political envoys. With this considerable fixed income, small Shenyang can enjoy an above-average living standard.
More importantly, this position brought greater political benefits to Xiao Shenyang, and provided him with a shortcut to Long live the grandfather, which enabled him to become a third-class bodyguard in the thirty-seventh year of Qianlong, that is, at the age of 22, and immediately served as a bodyguard in Sticky Rod. Stick it on the pole, that is, there is still a dangerous spare place. In the Qing system, Zhu An, the son of the Eight Banners official, was chosen as a deacon, who was responsible for supporting Yu, lifting the cover and raising birds when the emperor toured the inaugural ceremony. The third-class guards of Sticky Bar often patrol with the emperor, so they have the opportunity to fight and answer with the emperor, creating very favorable conditions for the disciples of Little Shenyang. According to historical records, one day in the forty years of Qianlong, Xiao Shenyang went out of the palace with him. "I accidentally read the newspaper in the city center, and some people who played the principal escaped. They were slightly angry and recited the words of The Analects. The squire captain didn't know what this meant, but Xiao Shenyang immediately replied, "I said that the guardian of the code should not resign." Gan Long was very happy after listening and asked Xiao Shenyang, "Have you read the Analects of Confucius?" Small Shenyang said, yes. "I also asked about my family background and age, and I was right." Qianlong's "elegance and clear voice" and "extraordinary agility" are greatly appreciated. "Kindness and courtesy are natural." Small Shenyang won the favor of the emperor with his cleverness and resourcefulness, and rose to the highest position. Then he moved to dry the Qing guards in leap October, and was promoted to the imperial guards in November, and he was given the command of Manchuria Zhenglan Banner. Since then, he has been promoted constantly, and he has held many positions, making him a first-class loyal minister. He has served as a university student and minister of military aircraft, in charge of the official department, public department, punishments department, hospital and public department, and also served as a bachelor of imperial academy, president of Sikuquanshu, minister of guard and head of infantry. He won the favor of the emperor, with a high rank and power. He was also the emperor's in-laws and his sons were designated as the ten most beloved princesses of the emperor.
Why did Xiao Shenyang get such special favor and power from Emperor Qianlong and become the prime minister in charge of state affairs? Is it because he is knowledgeable, knowledgeable, talented, both civil and military, and Zhu Gekongming is completely transformed? That was not the case. Although Xiao Shenyang is really smart and agile, he is good at improvising, and his education level is quite high, and his memory is particularly good. He is also proficient in Manchu and Chinese, knows Mongolian and Tibetan, and has a certain ability to handle government affairs. However, he is still far from the real reputation of ruling the country and leveling the world and commanding the three armies to defeat the enemy. As far as knowledge is concerned, Xiao Shenyang is only a well-known liberal arts student in Sun Shan, far from being brilliant, and can be called a generation of gifted scholars. When it comes to governing the country, whether it is to get rid of the old rules and establish a new important system, or to eliminate the great traitors and recommend the great sages, he has not achieved much. He is even less proficient in military tactics. And A Gui ordered the army to suppress the Su Forty-three Uprising in Gansu, while A Gui supervised the river workers. Before going ahead, Xiao Shenyang tried to put out the uprising before the arrival of A Gui, made outstanding achievements, and divided the army into four ways to attack, but failed. The commander-in-chief Tu Bao Qin was killed. Xiao Shenyang not only failed to report the defeat due to improper command, but also concealed the death of Tu Qinbao and reversed right and wrong. Hailancha and Ersente, who were brave and skillful in impeachment, won the first battle, which was the reason for the frustration of the Qing army. They were severely reprimanded by Emperor Qianlong and demoted to three levels to remain in office. Gui went to the barracks and asked the reason for the defeat. Xiao Shenyang accused him of being "arrogant" and refused to listen to the dispatcher. A Gui "ordered the generals to gather in front of the iron shaft the next morning". "Every time you call, you go in, and you do your duty and sit next to it." A Gui "When you assign and command troops, you should be as conscientious as a ring. If so, you will be angry sitting on it. " Agui "asked about the cloud, you don't see its initial slowdown, and you don't know who to punish." Small Shenyang "shudders". Pell ordered Xiao Shenyang to leave the barracks and return to the capital.
Small Shenyang has made little achievements in civil affairs, has no martial arts skills and is junior. He is not from the imperial examination, so his prestige is naturally not high. Among college students and military ministers, he only ranked third and fourth for a long time. His colleagues are A Gui, Ji Huang, Wang Jie and Fu Kang 'an. They have been military attaché s for many years, and they are better than Fang in military service, achievements, qualifications, family background, prestige, talent and character. A Gui, in particular, is both civil and military and has made remarkable military achievements. At that time, he was recognized as a handsome man, surpassing any minister. In 4 1 year, he served as minister of military aircraft, and was a bachelor in 42 years. 16 year, he was re-appointed as chief bachelor and minister of military aircraft foreman, and died from 46 years to Jiaqing in 2 years. But forty-six years after Qianlong, especially fifty-one years later, none of these four college students can compare with Xiao Shenyang in terms of spoiling and entrusting power. This special situation is entirely due to the fact that Qianlong was trapped by Xiao Shenyang and fell in love with Xiao Shenyang by mistake.
Although Xiao Shenyang can't run the country and make peace, he has made no achievements, but he is particularly good at reading after reading, catering to the imperial edict and playing politics. He also collected money for the emperor and paid all kinds of expenses that were inconvenient for him to use the state treasury publicly, so as to win the favor of the emperor. This is evident in the abolition of "famous grain" in the forty-six years of Qianlong, and the addition of the green camp Army to raise inexpensive silver for Wu Zhi. At this time, Qianlong celebrated his eightieth birthday, and the national treasury was full. A letter was issued to cancel the military commander's "famous grain" and give it to Yin instead, and green camp was added, increasing the military expenditure by three million and two thousand every year. Emperor Qianlong asked Agui what he thought, and Agui said the cost was too high, so don't add it. Gan Long didn't listen to him, saying that the country is "rich enough" and "there are more than 70 million in the national treasury", which is more than enough to pay for this new 3 million. A college student will discuss technology with Jiuqing in detail. Little Shenyang knew that the emperor would implement this law, so he agreed very much. Qianlong then made a decree, approving the reconsideration of Jiuqing, a university student, and increasing the military expenditure by 3 million taels every year.
It is precisely because Xiao Shenyang is good at pandering, understanding and catering to Gan Long's psychology of complacency, grandiosity, flattery, pretentiousness, acting according to his own will, and being good at collecting money for the emperor to enjoy, that he is particularly prized and becomes the only confidant and agent of Emperor Gan Long.
Under the emperor's love and protection, Xiao Shenyang held many positions and was a very important minister. He basically mastered the power of employing people, managing money, executing punishment and "appeasing foreigners", so he accepted bribes unscrupulously and made the country in a mess.
The main way for small Shenyang to collect money is to hire officials to ask for bribes. It's hard to be an official if you're not a relative or friend of Shenyang, but if you don't give Yin Na a treasure in Shenyang, a serious situation of "harmony is the most important thing, and those who make up for it will enter" and "political bribery" will be formed, which will bring disaster to the country and the people. As far as the river workers whom Qianlong cares most about are concerned, they are ruined. History: "In the middle of Qianlong period, since the peaceful ruling, the river defense has become increasingly slack. Those who were appointed as river commanders all walked out of their private houses. Pay a huge sum of money to the treasury first, and then let people take care of it, so that all floods will benefit and erode the treasury. " "To exhaust the power of global national debt, it is not enough to just fill their uses ... and the breaches of Wu Geng, Xinwei Gaojiayan and Lijialou are even worse than before, which can be lamented."
Small Shenyang accumulated wealth and was second to none among the ministers of civil and military affairs in previous dynasties. He was indeed the biggest and richest corrupt official in ancient China. It is difficult to know exactly how much property there is in small Shenyang, but we can know the general situation from the fact that Emperor Jiaqing personally ordered him to commit suicide and confiscated his property. On the third day of the first month of the fourth year of Jiaqing, Emperor Qianlong died. On the eighth day of Jiaqing, Emperor Jiaqing announced that he was relieved of his post in Shenyang, imprisoned and convicted, and his property was confiscated. On the eleventh day of the first month, Jiaqing issued a decree and sentenced Shenyang to 20 major crimes. Among them, it is said that the property of Little Shenyang includes: 32,000 taels of gold in a private vault with walls and more than 3 million taels of silver buried in the cellar. In addition, according to the records, there are more than 65,438+0,260 hectares of land for rent, more than 65,438+0,000 houses for rent, and a large number of jewelry, jade clothes, books and so on in Little Shenyang, which is unprecedented. As for personal notes and unofficial history, there is a lot to say about the confiscation of small Shenyang's property. Some people say that copying No.25 in the list of 106 is equivalent to more than 200 million taels of silver. Some say that gold bullion 100, each ingot weighs 1000 liang, estimated silver is 65,438+500,000 liang, red gold is 5,800,000 liang, estimated silver is 87,000 liang, silver ingot is 9,402,000 liang, silver is 5,832,000 liang, Su Yuanyin is 365,438+500,000 liang, and there are 75 pawn shops. Xiao Shenyang was indeed the biggest and richest corrupt official in ancient China.
During a short period of 25 years in power, Little Shenyang has accumulated such unimaginable wealth. Frightened, we can't help but ask: By what means did Xiao Shenyang embezzle the national treasury income in the past 15 years under the eyes of Emperor Qianlong? Look at his unprecedented four ways to collect money.
So, what treasures are there in his huge family property? What extraordinary means does he have to grab such amazing money in a record? Ji Lianhai, a teacher of the Second Middle School Attached to Beijing Normal University, will join us in taking stock of the amazing property of Xiao Shenyang, exposing his secret means of collecting money crazily, exploring the true mental journey of the first corrupt official in Qing Dynasty, and unveiling the mystery of his greed. The lecture room has been broadcast.
In other words, Xiao Shenyang was born in a poor family when he was young. When he was studying in Xian 'an Palace College, he often worried about tuition fees (note: the so-called tuition fees are not the fees paid to teachers, but the money for eating and dressing). Later, after being prized by emperor Qianlong, he was arrogant and extravagant. Love money so much that Emperor Jiaqing seized 820 million silver worth of stolen money from his home, so there is a saying that "small Shenyang fell and Jiaqing was full."